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¿El oasis chileno?: el funcionamiento del discurso neoliberal de la felicidad visto a través del estallido social en Chile
(Departamento de Filosofia y Sociedad, Complutense University of Madrid, 2022) Garay-Rivera, José
In this essay we present a reflection on the functioning of certain discourses on happiness typical of neoliberal governmentality in the light of the so-called “social outbreak” in Chile. First, we analyze the relationship of these discourses on happiness with neoliberalism as the background from which they emerge, to then examine the hypothesis that positions them as a technology of control that would operate in a Calvinist way, that is: from a logic focused on maximizing individual well-being, positivity, optimism, self-demand and personal freedom, as ways of capitalizing on social suffering. In other words, the exploitation of the subject on himself under the promise of future happiness: it will be worth the suffering if tomorrow I am happy. We argue that this logic has indeed operated in the Chilean context and, in turn, has been part of the accumulated social unrest as it is an unfulfilled promise. For the same reason, we reflect on the “social outbreak” as a particular struggle that represents a resistance to this and other technologies of neoliberal subjectivation, and we analyze it from one of the most fertile aspects of Foucauldian theory: where there is power, there is resistance. © 2022 Departamento de Filosofia y Sociedad, Complutense University of Madrid. All rights reserved.
Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07) Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Beltrán-Velasco, Ana Isabel; Redondo-Flórez, Laura; Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Tornero-Aguilera, José Francisco
This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the complex interactions among the neural, hormonal, and metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The key topics discussed include the role of organs, hormones, and neural circuits in maintaining metabolic balance. The review investigates the association between neuro-vulnerability and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and eating disorders, considering genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence neuro-vulnerability and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Neuroendocrine interactions and the neural regulation of food intake and energy expenditure are examined, with a focus on the impact of neuro-vulnerability on appetite dysregulation and altered energy expenditure. The role of neuroinflammation in metabolic health and neuro-vulnerability is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory processes. This review also evaluates the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying neuro-vulnerability and their potential applications in clinical settings. Furthermore, the association between neuro-vulnerability and eating disorders, as well as its contribution to obesity, is examined. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuro-vulnerability, including pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications, are reviewed. In conclusion, understanding the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their implications for metabolic health. Targeting neuro-vulnerability holds promise for developing innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, ultimately improving metabolic health outcomes. © 2023 by the authors.
Laughing at Politicians to Make Justice: The Moral Component of Humor in Appraising Politicians
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Mendiburo-Seguel, Andrés; Alenda, Stephanie; Páez, Darío; Navia, Patricio
A recent line of research in the field of humor has proposed the existence of two morally based comic styles. One of them, corrective humor (or satire), seeks to ridicule and mock to establish justice. In contrast, benevolent humor attempts to correct deviances using humor in a friendly manner understanding human imperfections. Considering their focus on correcting what is perceived as morally wrong, in this study we seek to examine how these styles can affect the evaluation that is made of politicians after being exposed to humor that attacks them. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment in which three groups had to evaluate two politicians after being exposed to different stimuli (memes that ridiculed them, images with the same content without its humorous content, or no exposure; total n = 160). Our results demonstrate that it is corrective humor and not benevolent humor that influences the evaluation and that it does so positively; people with higher scores in corrective humor have a better evaluation of politicians after seeing memes with anti-politician content. We discuss possible explanations for this finding and implications for political psychology and humor studies. © The Author(s) 2023.
Relación entre las características antropométricas, composición corporal y capacidad física en estudiantes de la comuna de Quintero, Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; de Souza Lima, Josivaldo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Prat-Lopicich, Arturo; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge
The objective of this study was to determine the level of relationship between anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and physical capacities in schoolchildren from the Quintero commune. 135 students aged 11.07 ± 2.3 years participated in the research.Anthropometric variables were measured using the ISAK protocol.The BMI weight / height2, fat percentage with the Slaughter formula, and the conicity index with the Valdez formula. An adaptation of the EUROFIT® battery was used to measure physical capacities. The variables were correlated and associated with Pearson’s R test and R2 through a linear regression model.The significance level was set at p <0.05.The results show a significant relationship between the variables of body composition with the abdominal test (p <.001), flexibility (p = 0.019), horizontal jump (p <.001), 20 meters flat (p <.001), push-ups (p <.001), Vo2máx (p <.001), handgrip strength in dominant hand (p <.001) and non-dominant hand (p <.001). The percentage of fat mass is the variable that has the highest level of relationship with physical capacities. © 2022 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Adolescents' chronotype and its association with obesity-related outcomes: The EHDLA study
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024-10) Duarte Junior, Miguel Angelo; Mesas, Arthur Eumann; Chen, Sitong; Mello, Júlio B.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Memon, Aamir Raoof; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Objective: This study aimed to assess associations between chronotype and obesity-related indicators in a sample of Spanish adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from The Eating Healthy and DailyLife Activities (EHDLA) Study, which included a representative sample of adolescentsfrom Spain. A total of 820 adolescents (54.7% girls) aged 12–17 years were includedin the analyses. The adolescents' chronotype was determined using the Morning-ness/Eveningness Scale in Children. Obesity-related indicators included body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, triceps and medial calf skinfolds,sum of skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Generalized linear models were used toexamine the relationship between the Morningness-Eveningness score and chrono-type status and the above-mentioned obesity-related indicators in adolescents. Allanalyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, sleep duration, physicalactivity, sedentary behaviour, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and energyintake.Results: The morningness chronotype was associated with higher abdominal obesity(odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.50; p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.01, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05;p = 0.029) and skinfold calves (B = 1.04 95% CI 0.24 to 1.94; p = 0.011), comparedwith the intermediate chronotype.Conclusion: Adolescents with a morningness chronotype may be more prone toabdominal obesity than their counterparts with an intermediate chronotype. Effec-tive intervention-related approaches can be applied to those with a morningnesschronotype
Periodontal disease and brain amyloid pathology in mild cognitive impairment
(Spanish Society of Neurology, 2024) Gil-Montoya J.A.; Gerez-Muñoz M.J.; Triviño-Ibáñez E.; Carrera-Muñoz I.; Bravo M.; Rashki M.; Solis-Urra P.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Gómez-Río M.
Increases in brain -amyloid protein (A) levels have been demonstrated in animal models following oral inoculation of periodontopathogens or their enzyme gingipain. We investigated the association between periodontitis and brain A protein levels in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: An observational study was designed. All participants underwent a periodontal examination and an amyloid-PET scan. Subsequently, the following groups were established: MCI and suspected Alzheimer disease (AD) (MCI/A+ group) (n = 45); MCI and suspected non-AD pathology (MCI/A— group) (n = 59); cognitively healthy elderly individuals with negative PET-amyloid scan results (non-MCI/A— group) (n = 60). Results: Patients with moderate-severe periodontitis had a higher risk of abnormal accumulation of A in the brain, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30—8.26) when comparing patients from the MCI/A+ and MCI/A— groups, and an OR of 4.94 (95% CI, 1.65—14.84) when comparing the MCI/A+ group against the non-MCI/A— group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that periodontal disease may be associated with anomalous accumulation of cerebral A protein in older people, independently of cognitive impairment.
Prevalence of sports injuries in Para Athletics throwers - a retrospective cohort study
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2024-08) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Silva, Bruno; Zaras, Nikolaos; Azocar-Gallardo, Jairo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Introduction: Non-disabled throwing athletes face unique challenges related to injuries and pain in the upper body due to high demands placed on the shoulders and upper limbs. However, there is limited research on the epidemiology of sports injuries in para athletes participating in the Para Athletics throwing events. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the types of injuries and their prevalence among Para Athletics throwers (PATs) Material and methods: The main outcome was the 12-month prevalence of sports injury. Data were collected from PATs of any level, using an online questionnaire, and was analysed by calculating median, interquartile range, frequencies, percentages, and confidence intervals (CI). The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyse differences in injury prevalence and injury onset between different sub-groups. Results: The study included 60 PATs (42 men, 18 women) with a variety of impairments. The 12-month period prevalence of injury was 40% (n = 24; 95% CI: 27.5-53.4), with the highest prevalence observed in athletes with blindness/ low vision and intellectual impairments (75%, 95% CI: 19.4-99.4). Injuries affected primarily the shoulders (22.8%) and elbows (25.3%). The most common type of injuries were muscle strains (30%) and tendinopathies (25%). The proportion of injuries did not differ significantly between sub-groups. Most injuries (88.6%) occurred during training. Conclusions: Para athletic throwers are at greater risk of injuries in the upper extremities, and this highlights the importance of tailored injury prevention programs. It is crucial to mitigate the risk of injuries to the complex and vulnerable shoulder girdle in athletes with existing impairments.
Project-Based Learning as a Strategy in Physical Education Teacher Training: Creating A Cultural Route Promoting Active Commuting
(Eurasian Society of Educational Research, 2023-07) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo
This study analyzes the narrated reflection of the students in relation to their learning, based on the perceptions that emerge from their experience in the development of the project. Participants were 53 fourth year Pedagogy in Physical Education students, with an average age of 24.3, who were divided into 13 groups. A qualitative study that used the narrated reflection of the students in relation to learning, based on a driving question. In order to help guide the students’ work, and to collect the perceptions they experienced during their participation, the following four components were integrated into the development of the project and included in the final product: a) historical and heritage sites, b) technology used to measure energy expenditure, c) type of active commuting, d) reflection on what was learned. The students designed 13 routes of active commuting through the city, which included different cultural, heritage and historical landmarks. The students analyzed the learning experience, highlighting the importance of knowing and caring for the heritage of the different cities around which they traveled. PBL can be a didactic alternative in initial Physical Education teacher training to achieve learning by linking subject content with the motivations and interests of the students. © 2023 Eurasian Society of Educational Research. All rights reserved.
Analysis of Dietary Intake and Body Composition of Collegiate Runers
(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-06) García-Dávila, Myriam Zaraí; Ramírez-Siqueiros, María Grethel; Bauer, Pascal; Makivic, Bojan; Hernández-Cruz, Germán; Rangel-Colmenero, Blanca R.; Valencia-Falcón, Teresita; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare dietary intake to published recommendations and to analyze the potential relationship between body composition and dietary intake in collegiate athletes. Eighteen healthy male middle- and longdistance runners (age 20.11 ± 2.72 y; height, 174.7 ± 6.1 cm; body mass, 64.0 ± 7.7 kg), were recruited from a Mexican university track and field team at the beginning of the general preparation phase for national competitions. Participants completed three 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to estimate dietary intake. Body composition was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Athletes displayed high body fat values. Protein intake was significantly higher than published recommendations. Iron, zinc, sodium, and vitamin C intake were significantly higher than recommended values, while potassium and calcium intake were below established recommendations. No significant correlations between body composition variables (i.e body fat, lean body mass, bone mineral content) and dietary intake (i.e energy, macronutrients and selected vitamins and minerals) could be found. These findings suggest that coaches and practitioners should pay close attention to dietary intake and body composition of endurance athletes starting general preparation for competition. Future studies on changes of dietary intake and body composition during off-season and competitive phase, which also track physical activity, are warranted. © 2023, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
EJEL Editorial 2023: Trends and Research Gaps in e-Learning
(Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited, 2023-06) Charbonneau-Gowdy, Paula; Cubric, Marija; Pechenkina, Katya; Dyer, Ronald; Pyper, Andrew; Söbke, Heinrich; Spangenberger, Pia
Introduction:The Electronic Journal of e-Learning (EJEL) is an online open-access journal that aims to publish articles and papers that contribute to the development of theory and practice in the field of e-Learning. The journal provides a multidisciplinary forum for research on education and learning that informs theories and practices regarding how people learn and the design of e-Learning environments in various contexts. From 2021 to 2022, a total of 92 papers were published in EJEL (47 papers in 2021 and 45 papers in 2022) from 43 different countries. Out of the 282 submissions received in 2022, 12(4%) were accepted. In 2021, EJEL was ranked in Q1 in the Education category and in Q2 in the Computer Science Applications and E-Learning categories(Scimago Journal & Country Rank). Compared to previous editorials, for this year's editorial, we have decided to adopt a new approach. By examining and presenting our published papers on e-Learning from authors worldwide, we aim to highlight trends and research gaps in the field of e-Learning from 2021 to 2022. Additionally, we will compare our findings with the most recent papers on trends and gaps published in other journals to provide a broader context. Through this approach, we hope to contribute to answering questions about which topics have been of high relevance for researchers in the field of e-Learningover the past two years and to identify areas for future research. MethodsIn the first step, we used the Open Journal Systems (OJS) software to identify the 30 most frequently read articles from January 1, 2021, to December 2, 2022in EJEL.For each article,we considered the total number of abstract reads, full text(PDF) reads as well as the citation data obtained via Google Scholar as of January 11, 2022. Out of these, we focused on the ten most cited papersfor our analysis because we emphasizethat citations are a legitimate measure for portraying the scientific influence of a given work. The findings from these papers were mapped to the European Framework for Digital Competences of Educators (Figure 1) and to the EDUCAUSE macro trends (Figure 2), as well as trends in key technologies and practices.While macro trends focus on dimensions such as social, technological, economic, environmental and political, the key technologies and practices listed below are believed to have a significant impact on the future of post-secondary learning and teaching (Pelletier et al., 2022, p.4): •AI for Learning Analytics •AI for Learning Tools •Hybrid Learning Spaces •Mainstreaming Hybrid/Remote Learning Modes •Micro-credentialing
Competencias que precisan estudiantes de educación física en la práctica profesional: representaciones desde la experiencia de profesores mentores del sistema escolar chileno
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Guerrero Sánchez, Maryorie Alejandra; Martínez Andunce, Pamela; Hinojosa Torres, Claudio; Vargas Díaz, Hugo; Araya Hernández, Anthony; Hurtado Guerrero, Macarena
Professional practice is a fundamental stage of teacher training since it is the moment in which students have the possibility to apply what they have learned, interact with the school community and strengthen their teaching role. This study sought to understand the representations of mentor teachers about the competencies required by students of pedagogy in physical education to satisfactorily carry out their professional practice. A qualitative methodology and a phenomenological design were determined. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview with 23 mentor teachers from educational schools in the Valparaíso, Chile. Content and discourse analysis were developed with the ATLAS.ti 9. As a conclusion, it is evidenced that the competences for the optimal performance of the practice are associated with: a) professionals; b) social; and c) techniques, which are constituted as basic competences for the future professional performance of teachers in training. © Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour according to sex, age, BMI, academic year, and country among medical students in Latin America
(BMC Public Health, Volume 24, Issue 1 December 2024 Article number 1699, 2024-12) Herreros-Irarrázabal, Diego; Herreros-Irarrázabal D.; González-López, María Fernanda; Nuche-Salgado, Rocío; de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Mahecha-Matsudo, Sandra
Physical inactivity represents a global challenge in public health, being the second most significant factor contributing to mortality. In Latin America, the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour is notable, affecting medical students as well, who play a crucial role as behavioural role models for the population. This study addresses the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among medical students in Latin America during the year 2023. A total of 864 participants from 12 institutions across eight countries were surveyed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Significant variations in physical activity and sedentary behaviour were observed according to sex, age, body mass index, academic year, and country. Notably, Costa Rica exhibited the highest levels of moderate physical activity in leisure time (90 min/day). Strength training was more common among men (60 min/day) and in Argentina (60 min/day). Sedentary behaviour was higher in women (420 min/day) and during the first academic year (485 min/day). Uruguay stood out with high levels of sedentary behaviour (600 min/day). Correlations indicated positive moderate associations between academic year and moderate leisure-time PA (r:0,128, p:0,007). In conclusion, there are associations between the level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the variables studied in this research, with the main findings being that the female sex has more time spent in sedentary behaviour (minutes/day) and less time spent in strength training (minutes/day). Additionally, there are higher levels of sedentary behaviour in the early years of medical study compared to the later years of the program. © The Author(s) 2024
Impacto psicosocial del Covid-19 en jóvenes del municipio de Malambo-Atlántico, Colombia
(Universidad del Zulia, 2022) Parra Fernández, Margel Alejandra; Lay Raby, Nelson; Escalona-Oliveros, Francisco Javid; Rodríguez Borbarán, Alejandra Marcela
Covid-19 has generated a great psychosocial impact on the world population, including children, adolescents and young people, who have also been affected in their social and emotional lives as a result of preventive confinement. The objective of this study was to measure the psychosocial impact of covid-19 on young people from the Comprehensive Foundation for Social Development of the municipality of Malambo-Atlántico, Colombia; For which an online survey was designed to explore aspects of family relationships, with friends and with neighbors or other close people, as well as to identify the emotions most experienced by these young people during confinement. The results reveal that both adolescents and young adults, especially the latter, indicate that they are affected in frequency, sharing, communication, closeness and emotional support in their relationships with family, friends and neighbors or other people, experiencing mostly emotions such as sadness, stress, fear, and anxiety. It is concluded that it is necessary to build strategies by the foundation to mitigate these psychosocial effects of the pandemic in this population © 2022. Revista de Ciencias Sociales.All Rights Reserved.
‘Me encanta este tipo de ideas. Grandes, niñas’: Formas de tratamiento y estrategias de cortesía usadas por jóvenes universitarios al interactuar en Instagram
(Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaiso, 2022) Alarcón, Magaly Varas; Vásquez-Rocca, Liliana
The massive use of virtual social networks and the dominance of the Internet have led to a new type of socialization (van Dijk, 2016). Interaction has gone from being predominantly face-to-face to being increasingly mediated by a technological device. In this context, it is worth asking if the interactions between individuals continue to present similar logic to face-to-face communication. In other words, how is today the nature of this interaction in the users of digital platforms, if in that system predominates the social distance, and even, “a null degree of the social” (Han, 2017:12)? The aim of the study is to describe how politeness and address forms work within Instagram accounts used by chilean university students for academic purposes. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology with a descriptive scope was chosen. In the case of politeness strategies, the approaches of Haverkate (1994, 2004), Calsamiglia and Tusón, (1999), Alcoba (2002) and Kerbrat-Orecchioni, (2004) were followed, and a combination of proposals by Rigatuso (2009), Rivadeneira (2009), and others, was used to analyze the address forms. After the analysis it was observed that the compliment widely predominates as politeness strategies, but it is a condescending courtesy (Han, 2017), followed by appreciation. The preferred address forms are the appellative hyperlink (Cautín-Epifani, 2015) and, then, the verbal forms of 2nd plural person, since both senders and receivers conceive that in this space of interaction there are collectives and not only individuals © 2022. PUCV, Chile
El estilo de vida del estudiantado de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una universidad del centro sur de Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2024-07) Garrido-Méndez, Alex; Carlos-Matus, Castillo; Araneda, Catalina Pereira; Villouta, Pablo Luna; Lamana, Rafael Zapata; Ramírez, Oscar Andrades; Rivera, Carol Flores e; Monsalve, Rodrigo Carrillo; Morales, Carlos Celis
Los estilos de vida de los universitarios chilenos suelen ser poco saludables,con respecto a la práctica de actividad física, alimentación, consumo de tabaco, alcohol, drogas y sueño nocturno. Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir los estilos de vida del estudiantado de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una Universidad del centro sur de Chile, junto con establecer relaciones entre las variables de los comportamientos del mismo grupo de estudiantes. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de diseño transversal, de alcance descriptivo y correlacional. El instrumento aplicado fue el cuestionariode preguntas cerradas ESTIPENDO, respondido por 108 estudiantes de la mencionada carrera. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software SPSS v.25. Los resultados señalan que un 89,8%de los estudiantes declaró realizar actividad física tres o más veces por semana, siendo mayor en hombres (χ²=12,823, p=0,012), además, quienes realizan actividad física tienen menos posibilidad de consumir drogas (χ²=9,896, p=0,042); un 11,1% declaró consumir frutas y verduras todos los días, un 65% consume algún alimento chatarra; 84,3% declaró no fumary un 94,5% consume alcohol de entre 0 a 7 tragos de semanales, sin embargo, un 45,4% usa drogasa menudo, mayormente hombres (χ²=17,203; p=0,002). Un 25% declaró dormir bien siempre, mientras que un 64,8% a veces. Se concluye que los estudiantes tienen un estilo de vida poco saludable, pues, si bien declaran ser físicamente activos, consumir poco alcohol y tabaco, tienen baja ingesta de frutas y verduras a diario, consumen comida chatarra ,drogas y tienen insuficiente sueño nocturno
Bases para la enseñanza del léxico: mecanismos de asociación y configuración de redes en el léxico disponible infantil
(Universidad de Extremadura, 2022) Gómez-Devís, Mª Begoña; Guerra, Milko Cepeda
The present collaboration aims to discover and analyze the semantic networks associated with the Colors center of interest from oral corpus of available lexicon that brings together samples of boys and girls from both sides of the Atlantic (Spain, Valencia, and Chile, Talca) whose age is 6 years old. In light of the representation provided by the DispoGrafo program, it is of interest to describe the cognitive organization of the units of the available lexicon and discover similarities or differences in the studied subgroups (activation mechanisms of the available lexicon, performance and progression). Finally, some approach strategies will be proposed for work with acquisition, expansion, selection and planning in the classroom. © 2022 Universidad de Extremadura. All rights reserved.
Percepción de igualdad y discriminación en Educación Física en estudiantes de Secundaria
(Universidad de Murcia, 2024-05) León Reyes, Borys Bismark; Galeano-Rojas, Dilan; Agulló-Hernández, Ana; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro
El propósito de este trabajo fue valorar la percepción de igualdad de trato y discriminación en estudiantes de secundaria y examinar la valoración sobre los distintos factores metodológicos que influyen en la igualdad de trato y discriminación en EF. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 706 estudiantes (375 chicos y 331 chicas) con una edad media de 13.05 años (DE= .93). El instrumento de recogida de datos fue el Cuestionario de Percepción de Igualdad y Discriminación en EF y el análisis se realizó utilizando laprueba de normalidad Kolmogorov-Smirnov y la prueba de comparación de medias U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados demuestran que existen diferencias significativas en la percepción de igualdad de trato con valores medios más altos en las chicas y en la percepción de discriminación con mayores puntajes en los chicos. A su vez, en los factores metodológicos relacionados con el lenguaje sexista y el feedback se presentan diferencias por sexo que corroboran la mayor percepción de discriminación en los chicosy de igualdad en las chicas. En conclusión, las formas de interacción utilizadas por el profesor tienen gran influencia sobre las percepciones del alumnado con relación a los estereotipos de género en el contexto de la EF.
Assessing the impact of teacher L2 use on learner self-efficacy perceptions: The case of chilean elementary EFL learners
(Association for the teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia, 2022) Cancino, Marco; Mera, Samantha
Self-efficacy perceptions on second language settings have been linked to several aspects including learner performance in linguistic tasks, willingness to communicate, and language learning strategy use. These firmly place selfefficacy as a variable affecting cognitive and contextual aspects in language learning settings. However, the amount of L2 used by teachers needs to be researched in their own right, since an approach that makes the L2 compulsory in the language classroom may affect learners’ perceptions of their ability to learn the new language. This relationship becomes even more relevant in low-level EFL school settings where teachers are more willing to use the learners’ L1 in their lessons. Thus, to assess the impact of teacher L2 use on the self-efficacy of primary EFL learners, the present study investigated 58 Chilean 6th-grade EFL students’ self-efficacy beliefs in two contexts: L2-Only instruction (i.e., an approach where lessons are delivered solely in the L2), and L1-L2 instruction. Findings revealed that learners in the L2-Only group did not significantly decrease their self-efficacy when compared to the L1-L2 group, and that the L1-L2 group displayed significantly higher scores in the reading and writing components. It is argued that contextual aspects that include the nurturing of selfefficacy need to be considered to make informed decisions on whether to use the L1 and the L2 in the language classroom. © 2022, Association for the teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia. All rights reserved.
Pedagogía en Educación Física «otra» y Formación humana
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Gutiérrez, Luis Linzmayer; Aguilar, Lucía Illanes; Castillo, Lizette Cenzano; Rodríguez, Katherine Hetz; Rivera, Carol Flores; González, Alejandro Iturra
This essay is born from the need and questions of the authors in the field of professional work of InitialTeacherTraining (FID) in Pedagogy in Physical Education (PEF) and HumanTraining, it seeks to link these two concepts with the aim of stressing the FID processes in PEF in an «other» way from new possibilities.An FID in PEF «another» intended from a more human, felt and situated perspective will allow us to re-orient the training of future PEF teachers based on the current demands that are required to impact the teaching-learning processes aiming to develop transcendental levels in the school context, thus enduring over time the learning developed and, on the other hand, strengthening FID from a human component that goes beyond the pedagogical and/or disciplinary only. © 2022 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Ejercicio físico, hábitos alimentarios y estrés: ¿Qué ocurrió con los estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia?
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2024-01) Warnier-Medina, Alberto; Orellana-Lepe, Gladys; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Fernández-Ojeda, Aída; Núñez-Burgos, Claudio; Riveros-Martínez, Johanna; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, el confinamiento, los cambios radicales en los hábitosde vida y las sospechas de contagio, favoreció el aumento de la vulnerabilidad al estrés. Con el objetivo de analizar la actividad físicay la asociación con el estado nutricional, los hábitos nutricionales y la vulnerabilidad al estrés en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia porCOVID-19, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal.La muestra estuvo constituida por 350 estu-diantes, 207 mujeres y 143 hombres, que cursan carreras en Escuelas de Educacióny Salud, de una universidad privada.Se aplicó la prueba de versión corta del IPAQ, la encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios y la prueba de vulnerabilidad al estrés. Los hombres tienen MET más altos que las mujeres (p<0.001). Los pacientes obesos tipo I son menos vulnerables al estrés que el peso normal y el sobrepeso (p< 0.001).Los niveles altos de actividad física tenían hábitos alimenticios más saludables que la actividad física moderada o baja (p<0.001) y la actividad física alta en confinamiento tenía mayor vulnerabilidad a los niveles de estrés (p<0.001).Los hábitos alimen-ticios poco saludables fueron menos vulnerables al estrés que los hábitos alimenticios regulares o saludables (p<0.001). En conclusión,los estudiantes universitarios con niveles de actividad física más altos son más vulnerables al estrés en contextos de confinamiento, mientras que, estudiantes universitarios que presentan inactividad física y estados nutricionales menos saludable como obesidad tipo I, tienen menor probabilidad de vulnerabilidad al estrés en el mismo contexto

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