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Explanatory Model of Self-Efficacy for Cervical Cancer Screening
(IMR Press Limited, 2024-01) Corrales, Angela-Cristina Yanez; Urrutia, Maria-Teresa; Padilla, Oslando
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) screening is a public health concern, and social conditions partially explain the individual’s ability to respond to the preventive aspect of the disease. This study aims to design an explanatory model of self-efficacy (SE) for CC screening. Methods: This study was conducted on 969 women aged 25–64 years who used the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to generate the explanatory model for global SE index and for each of their components as function of sociodemographic factors, factors related to interaction with the health system, risk factors for CC, family functioning, and the knowledge and beliefs of women regarding the disease and its prevention. Results: The factors that explain high levels of SE are low levels of education and knowledge of the risk factors of CC, better beliefs about the barriers to and benefits of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, participation in breast cancer screening, and highly functional family Apgar. Conclusions: To administer as many CC screening as possible, achieve effective interventions, and reach optimal coverage rates, it is necessary to consider social determinants, collaborate with other cancer screening programs, and work toward the beliefs of the population.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of dementia interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic mapping of 340 randomised controlled trials
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-07) Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Shi, Cheng; Patel, Disha; McDaid, David; Astudillo-García, Claudia Iveth; Bobrow, Kirsten; Choy, Jacky; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; Fry, Andra; Knapp, Martin; Leung, Dara Kiu Yi; Lopez-Ortega, Mariana; Lorenz-Dant, Klara; Musyimi, Christine; Ndetei, David; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Oliveira, Deborah; Putra, Aditya; Vara, Alisha; Wong, Gloria; Naci, Huseyin
Objectives: More people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries, but best-practice care recommendations are often based on studies from high-income countries. We aimed to map the available evidence on dementia interventions in LMICs. Methods: We systematically mapped available evidence on interventions that aimed to improve the lives of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or their carers in LMICs (registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018106206). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2018. We searched 11 electronic academic and grey literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit) and examined the number and characteristics of RCTs according to intervention type. We used the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias. Results: We included 340 RCTs with 29,882 (median, 68) participants, published 2008–2018. Over two-thirds of the studies were conducted in China (n = 237, 69.7%). Ten LMICs accounted for 95.9% of included RCTs. The largest category of interventions was Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 149, 43.8%), followed by Western medicine pharmaceuticals (n = 109, 32.1%), supplements (n = 43, 12.6%), and structured therapeutic psychosocial interventions (n = 37, 10.9%). Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for 201 RCTs (59.1%), moderate for 136 (40.0%), and low for 3 (0.9%). Conclusions: Evidence-generation on interventions for people with dementia or MCI and/or their carers in LMICs is concentrated in just a few countries, with no RCTs reported in the vast majority of LMICs. The body of evidence is skewed towards selected interventions and overall subject to high risk of bias. There is a need for a more coordinated approach to robust evidence-generation for LMICs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Adaptation, testing, and use of the “iSupport for Dementia” program in different countries: a systematic review
(Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2024-05) Corrêa, Larissa; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; Oliveira, Déborah c; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; da Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Monteiro, Diana Quirino; Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo; Pilegis, Anabel Machado Cardoso Alvarenga; da Rocha, Luana Aparecida a; de Souza Alves, Ludmyla Caroline; Maciel, Luiza Barros; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
The World Health Organization developed the “iSupport for Dementia” program for family caregivers of people with dementia. Objective: To explore studies on adaptation, randomized clinical trial protocols, and preliminary results of iSupport by unpaid caregivers of people living with dementia in different countries. Methods: Systematic review. Results: Ten cultural adaptation studies, eight randomized clinical trial protocols, and two preliminary results were included. Adaptation studies showed adjustments in terminology, design, and additional resources. Clinical trial protocols included burden as the primary outcome, and baseline, three months of intervention, and follow-up after six months. Studies with preliminary results found positive effects on the mental health and well-being of caregivers after using the program. Conclusion: iSupport is an online program of the World Health Organization in response to dementia in implementation in different countries.
Quality of life and psychosocial risks in primary care workers in an urban area
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2024) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel Andrez; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra Verónica d; Luengo-Martínez, Carolina Elena; Quintana-Zavala, María Olga
Health workers are exposed to a wide variety of risks in their workplaces, including psychosocial risks, which are increasingly taking on special importance, with primary health care being little studied in this area, despite having taken great responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and quality of life in health team workers in Family Health Centers Antofagasta, Chile, in 2021, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a quantitative study, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional type with 78 workers from the Primary Care health team of three Family Health Centers in the city of Antofagasta. The Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud 21 brief version and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version instrument were applied. RESULTS: The presence of a globally high psychosocial risk stands out, being this classified as high risk/level 1. The professional groups with the highest risks were nursing technicians and nurses; regarding quality of life, the dimension with the lowest score was psychological health, with a mean of 73.6. CONCLUSIONS: A negative relationship between psychosocial risks in the workplace and workers' quality of life was evidenced In this hostile scenario, it is imperative that nurses, at a tactical and strategic level, promote workers' health, cultivate healthy work environments, promote labor relations, and exercise more empathetic leadership as care managers.
Validity of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2
(Associacao Medica Brasileira, 2024-05) Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Fuentealba-Torres, Miguel; Arroyo, Luiz Henrique; dos Santos, Daniella Talita; Rebustini, Flávio; Lara, Lúcia Alves Silva; Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira
The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. Results: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald’s of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. Conclusion: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.
Riesgos psicosociales: principales amenazas para los trabajadores sanitarios causadas por la pandemia del COVID-19
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2022) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra
Los riesgos psicosociales circunscriben una relación entre el individuo con el medio donde se desenvuelve, incluyendo desde aspectos físicos y sociales hasta organizacionales del trabajo, que pueden, en función de las capacidades personales, ser potencialmente dañinos para la salud de los trabajadores. Actualmente el mundo entero está siendo testigo de una de las crisis sanitarias más grandes del siglo XXI, debida a un nuevo tipo de virus causante de enfermedades denominado severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo resaltar la importancia de los riesgos psicosociales en el equipo de la salud, desde las evidencias levantadas en contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Se trata de un artículo analítico, cuya pregunta orientadora fue ¿qué fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes en los trabajadores sanitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19? Se incluyeron 29 documentos, procedentes de diferentes fuentes de información que enriquecieron la muestra trabajada. Se analizó la presencia de las fuentes de origen de riesgos psicosociales en la pandemia por COVID-19, según contenido del trabajo, carga y ritmo de trabajo, horario laboral, control, entorno y equipos, estructura y cultura organizativa, relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo, rol en la organización, desarrollo profesional y conciliación vida personal-laboral, y además se expusieron ejemplos de situaciones que dan cuenta de la presencia de estos riesgos. Todas las fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes durante la pandemia, siendo que a la fecha se han descrito algunas de sus lamentables consecuencias nocivas, y por ello se hace un llamado al abordaje de la problemática.
Retinography and Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma by Evaluating Sensitivity and Specificity: A Systematic Review
(Permanyer Publications, 2023-05) Rojas Cavanela, Clyo; López-Alegría, Fanny
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of digital photography with a non-mydriatic retinal camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as screening methods for the early detection of glaucoma. Method: A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, LILACS and SciELO bibliographic databases, using the search strategy: adult AND glaucoma AND “tomography, optical coherence” OR “optical coherence tomography” OR retinography OR “fundus photography” OR “optic disc photographs” AND “early diagnosis” OR “vision screening” AND effectiveness OR “sensitivity and specificity.” Results: Of the 244 records identified, 8 articles were included for the analysis. Of these, 4 of the studies show that OCT has a sensitivity and specificity equal to or greater than 90% for the detection of glaucoma and only 1 study shows values below 90%. All the studies that use retinography as a measurement instrument show sensitivities lower than 80%. Half of these studies show that the sensitivity and specificity of retinography increases with the application of automated learning algorithms and even better, if this instrument is complemented with OCT or computerized perimetry. Conclusion: The high sensitivity and specificity of OCT in the diagnosis of glaucoma is evidenced in comparison with retinography (lower sensitivity). © 2023 Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología.
The need to redefine psychosocial risks at work
(IOS Press BV, 2023) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flerida
In 1984, the joint committee composed of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) defined psychosocial factors at work as “interactions between and among work environment, job content, organizational conditions and workers’ capacities, needs, culture, personal extra-job considerations that may, through perceptions and experience, influence health, work performance and job satisfaction” [1]. Over time, as a result of scientific development in the area, concepts such as ‘psychosocial risk factors’ or ‘psychosocial risks’ have emerged, which are used interchangeably by the scientific community [2], as well as the following concepts: ‘risk factors’, ‘risks’,
Enfermería como la columna vertebral de los sistemas de atención sanitaria
(Universidad del Norte, 2024-01) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida
Enfermería corresponde al grupo ocupacional más numeroso del sector de la salud, representando aproximadamente el 59 % de las profesiones sanitarias, lo que proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud mundial; sin embargo, el panorama para enfermería no está exento de dificultades, pues corresponde a un estamento que no desarrolla su quehacer en am-bientes óptimos, muchas veces tiene que desarrollarse con escaso apoyo de los gobiernos y no tiene el reconocimiento que se merece. Esta reflexión responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de enfermería en los siste-mas de salud, y a su vez, exponer los principales desafíos pendientes para el fortalecimiento de la salud pública. Se han descrito copiosos beneficios asociados a la atención de enfermería, contribuyendo al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, en los que enfermería desempeña un rol protagónico en el proceso; sin embargo, las políticas de los países deben desarrollar estrategias para promover su desarrollo, como lo es la enfermería de práctica avanzada; por otro lado, las enfermeras líderes deben concen-trar los esfuerzos en estimular a los gobiernos y autoridades a trabajar de manera manco-munada en las mejoras de las condiciones laborales de enfermería. Los autores de nuestro tiempo destacan la necesidad de un trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario para el logro de las necesidades de la población
Twitter Analysis of Health Care Workers’ Sentiment and Discourse Regarding Post–COVID-19 Condition in Children and Young People: Mixed Methods Study
(JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-01) Chepo, Macarena; Martin, Sam; Déom, Noémie; Khalid, Ahmad Firas; Vindrola-Padros, Cecilia
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact, with millions of cases and deaths. Research highlights the persistence of symptoms over time (post–COVID-19 condition), a situation of particular concern in children and young people with symptoms. Social media such as Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) could provide valuable information on the impact of the post–COVID-19 condition on this demographic. Objective: With a social media analysis of the discourse surrounding the prevalence of post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people, we aimed to explore the perceptions of health care workers (HCWs) concerning post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people in the United Kingdom between January 2021 and January 2022. This will allow us to contribute to the emerging knowledge on post–COVID-19 condition and identify critical areas and future directions for researchers and policy makers. Methods: From a pragmatic paradigm, we used a mixed methods approach. Through discourse, keyword, sentiment, and image analyses, using Pulsar and InfraNodus, we analyzed the discourse about the experience of post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people in the United Kingdom shared on Twitter between January 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022, from a sample of HCWs with Twitter accounts whose biography identifies them as HCWs. Results: We obtained 300,000 tweets, out of which (after filtering for relevant tweets) we performed an in-depth qualitative sample analysis of 2588 tweets. The HCWs were responsive to announcements issued by the authorities regarding the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The most frequent sentiment expressed was negative. The main themes were uncertainty about the future, policies and regulations, managing and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people, vaccination, using Twitter to share scientific literature and management strategies, and clinical and personal experiences. Conclusions: The perceptions described on Twitter by HCWs concerning the presence of the post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people appear to be a relevant and timely issue and responsive to the declarations and guidelines issued by health authorities over time. We recommend further support and training strategies for health workers and school staff regarding the manifestations and treatment of children and young people with post–COVID-19 condition.
Depressive symptoms and self-rated health among Brazilian older adults: baseline data from the ELSI-Brazil study
(Associacao Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2024-04) Ito, Natalia T.; Oliveira, Déborah; Rodrigues, Fabricio M. S.; Castro-Costa, Erico; Lima-Costa, Maria F.; Ferri, Cleusa P.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether having a higher number of depressive symptoms is associated with negative self-rated health (SRH) even in the absence of illness. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, using a national sample of 9,412 people aged 50 or over. SRH was dichotomized into poor or very poor and very good or excellent, good, or average. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Sociodemographic variables, information about unhealthy behaviors, and the number of chronic conditions were also analyzed. RESULTS: Having depressive symptoms was strongly associated with poor or very poor SRH both in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The magnitude of the association was reduced when the number of chronic illnesses was included in the multivariate analysis, along with the other sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.31-1.39). CONCLUSION: Having depressive symptoms may contribute towards having a poorer perception of health, even in the absence of health conditions. SRH is a multidimensional construct that can accurately reflect a person's state of general mental health.
Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-09-23) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions.
CALIDAD EN ENFERMERÍA: SU GESTIÓN, IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN
(Clínica Las Condes, 2018-05) Febré, N.; Mondaca-Gómez, K.; Méndez-Celis, P.; Badilla-Morales, V.; Soto-Parada, P.; Ivanovic, P.; Reynaldos, K.; Canales, M.
A nivel mundial, los profesionales de enfermería, representan el grupo ocupacional más grande de la fuerza de trabajo del cuidado para la salud (70% del total) (1) . Entregando el mayor porcentaje de atención en todos los niveles del continuo del cuidado, lo que representa una proporción significativa de los costos operativos de las respectivas instituciones de salud [2], [3]. Se calcula, que representan el 25% o más de los gastos operativos anuales y hasta el 40% de los costos de atención directa [4], [5]. El equipo de enfermería, exhibe el mayor involucramiento en los procesos de asistencia sanitaria, lo que permite que estos profesionales, por su mayor cercanía con los pacientes, tengan un rol relevante en la seguridad de éstos y en la calidad asistencial, pero también, sean agentes claves para reducir los resultados de los eventos adversos (6).La ciencia del cuidar se entiende como: “la aplicación de un juicio profesional en la planificación, organización, motivación y control de la provisión de cuidados, oportunos, continuos, seguros e integrales, en la atención en salud de las personas; que se sustentan en un conocimiento sólido que permite ofrecer, cuidados basados en la evidencia científica y demostrar su capacidad para cambiar de forma favorable el curso de la enfermedad o la mejora de las condiciones de salud de la población” (7). Enfermería entiende que la salud de la población y las desigualdades que ésta posee, se conceptualizan en un modelo de sistemas complejos, con elementos interdependientes en varios niveles dentro de un todo conectado. Esta perspectiva sugiere que los efectos variados sobre la salud, tales como los factores socioeconómicos, culturales, ambientales, sociales, del comportamiento y efectos biológicos, interactúan en la generación de resultados en la salud de la población. Para mejorar estos resultados, el comportamiento de los individuos debe ser reconocido como un elemento esencial y por lo tanto, las intervenciones sin una amplia comprensión de esa complejidad, significarían ignorar una parte clave de la ciencia del cuidar (8). En Chile, la legislación ha definido el rol social de las enfermeras, asignándole entre otras funciones, la “gestión del cuidado” (1997). A partir de la Reforma de la Salud (2004), que establece una nueva Autoridad Sanitaria, esta gestión del cuidado se constituye dentro de la estructura de los Servicios de Salud, en correspondencia con el Reglamento de los Servicios de Salud (2005) y la Norma Administrativa N° 19 (2007). Los que aportan antecedentes que otorgan las bases orgánicas funcionales de las Unidades de Gestión del Cuidado para la atención cerrada (9). Es así, que los profesionales enfermeros en Chile, poseen una responsabilidad legal, ética y social con la gestión del cuidado, lo que los obliga a asumir un compromiso y una responsabilidad basada en asegurar la continuidad y calidad de los cuidados entregados (10). El presente artículo, pretende contribuir a la calidad del cuidado enfermero, desde el punto de vista de su gestión, implementación y medición de resultados.
Factors associated with the perception of loneliness among older people living in the community
(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2023) Alejandra-Ximena, Araya; Iriarte, Evelyn
Background: Chilean community-dwelling older people are a vulnerable population with a high risk of being self-perceived as lonely. Aim: To examine the factors associated with the self-perception of loneliness in a group of Chilean community-dwelling older people. MaterialandMethods: Cross-sectionalstudy design with 540 participants aged 65 years and above (72.20 ± 6.22). Measures for sociodemographic, health status, and integral geriatric assessment were assessed. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were conducted. Results: Factors such as low perception of social support in everyday situations or cases of emergency, experiencing high depressive symptoms, and perceiving a poor quality of life were significantly associated with a higher self-perception of loneliness. Discussion: Preventive strategies and age-appropriate psychosocial interventions to mitigate or reverse the impact of these factors may be essential to reduce the self-perception of loneliness and consequently improve older people's well-being. © 2023 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.
Multimodal strategy for the prevention of COVID 19 in a mining site
(Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2022) Paredes, Erick; Cabezas-Rosales, Diego; Rojas, Rodrigo; Montes, Marcelo; Rodriguez, Viviana; Pedrero, Víctor; Febré, Naldy
Background: Mining companies must implement management sys-tems dedicated to health and safety at work to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among their workers, however, the literature on this is scarce. Aim: To describe a multimodal strategy for the management of health and safety at work, to address the risk of COVID-19 in large mining. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in a large mining company. A management system was structured that considered administrative measures, of an environmental nature, risk screening, and management of risk cases within the company. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: The administrative measures resulted in 8,116 (34%) workers at the site being suspended from their usual work. Risk screening before entering the site identified 450 suspected cases that were referred to their home. In the case management procedure, 1,073 people were classified in some of the risk groups. 10 cases of workers with PCR were detected in the follow-up period. Environmental measures were not very sensitive. Conclusions: These results shed light on the importance of implementing a multimodal strategy, adapted to the local reality, in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the period under study, at the mining site intervened. © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia. All rights reserved.
Intention to use pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men in Chile: a view from the planned behavior theory
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01) Silva-Sánchez, Camilo Andrés; Castillo, Víctor Pedrero
Introduction: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). Chile recently incorporated PrEP as a strategy against HIV/AIDS. Despite its effectiveness, worldwide PrEP utilization among MSM is low. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most popular psychosocial models used to predict and explain sexual risk behaviors. Objective: to analyze the intention to use PrEP among MSM using the TPB in Chile. Methods: 183 MSM were recruited online. The TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control, and intention to use) were measured in addition to knowledge variables, sociodemographic aspects, and sexual risk behaviors. We use linear regression models to analyze the relationship between intention to use and other variables. Results: the perception of favorable social norms (B=0,356 p<0,01), higher perception of behavioral control (B=0,4 p<0,01), and positive PrEP attitudes (B=0,189 p<0,01) were significantly related to intention to use PrEP. Knowledge, the presence of sexual ri.sk behaviors, and sociodemographic variables were not associated with intention to use PrEP. Conclusion: the TPB contributes to understanding the intention to use PrEP in MSM in Chile. © 2023; Los autores.
Trait Self-Esteem and Emotional Intelligence in the In-Person Return of Nursing Students
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01) Ardiles-Irarrázabal, Rodrigo-Alejandro; Pérez-Díaz, Pablo; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Ajeno, Rosella Santoro
Introduction: psycho-emotional risks in nursing students are a persistent problem over time, describing the protective factors in this population is an increasingly important need. Objective: to describe the relationship of Self-esteem with Trait Emotional Intelligence in the return of post-confinement face-to-face academic activities in Nursing students at a public university in Chile. Methods: quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. The TEIQue-SF Emotional Intelligence questionnaire and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were applied; both questionnaires cross-culturally adapted for use in the target population; the final sample was 213 nursing students from 1st to 5th year. Results: There was a prevalence of 68,1 % with low self-esteem, likewise, in trait Emotional Intelligence, 37 % were found in the very high percentile. In addition, a positive weak correlation was associated between the total self-esteem and the emotionality factor (r=0,268; p<0,000). Likewise, a strong negative correlation was observed between total self-esteem and the trait Emotional Intelligence Well-being factor (r=-0,705; p<0,000). Conclusions: there is a psycho-emotional risk associated with the reported low self-esteem and biosociodemographic factors. Trait emotional intelligence is considered a protective factor and influences self-esteem. Universities and academic teachers should be a source of training in emotional management, trying to develop this construct as an important protective factor in this student body at risk. © Este es un artículo en acceso abierto.
Vaccine against COVID-19 and menstruation, from ignorance to information: a systematic review
(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia, 2023) Aldana-Vásquez, Belén; González-Labadie, Gabriela; González-Labadie, Gabriela; López-Jorquera, Valentina; Ramos-Berenguer, Miguel; López-Alegría, Fanny
The creation of a vaccine to face the COVID-19 pandemic, led to an information gap on possible alterations of the menstrual cycle. The objective was to verify the possible alterations that could have been generated in the menstrual cycle of women, after the inoculation of the vaccine against COVID-19. A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, Medline Complete, LILACS, CINAHL and ScIELO bibliographic databases, using the descriptors“Women”,“Woman”,“Fertile period”,“Vaccination”, “Mass vaccination”,“Immunization”,“COVID-19 vaccines”,“SARS-CoV-2 infection”,“COVID-19”,“Menstrual cycle”,“Menstruation”, “Endometrial cycle”,“Dysmenorrhea”and“Menstruation disturbances”. Using the PRISMA protocol, of the 319 articles located, 17 were included in the analysis. Most of the studies mainly included the Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson&Johnson/ Janssen vaccines with one to three doses administered. The percentage of altered menstrual cycles ranged from 8.0% to 77.8%, and the most frequently reported alteration was the length of the menstrual cycle, which occurred from 0.3 to 12 days late in menstruation. All the studies refer to changes in the menstrual cycle with different prevalences, with and without statistical significance; however, the same studies also conclude that these alterations are reversible and in a short period of time. © 2023 Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia. All rights reserved.
Predictors of unmet needs in Chilean older people with dementia: A cross-sectional study
(BMC, 2019-04-15) Tapia Muñoz, Thamara; Slachevsky, Andrea; León-Campos, María O.; Madrid, Michel; Caqueo-Urízar, Alejandra; Rohde, Gustav C.; Miranda-Castillo, Claudia
Background: The needs of people with dementia (PWD) have not been assessed in any Latin American country. Several European countries have already related unmet needs with quality of life, caregiver's age, burden, stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to identify met and unmet needs in Chilean older adults with dementia and to determine if those needs were associated with PWD's, their informal caregivers' and social factors. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. One-hundred and sixty-six informal caregivers and their care recipients were interviewed. PWD was assessed about cognitive function and their caregivers answered instruments about PWD's needs, functional status and behavioral and psychological symptoms. Caregiver's burden, depression, anxiety and social support were also evaluated. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of unmet needs in Chilean PWD. Results: The most frequent met needs were "Looking after home" (81.3%%), "Food" (78.9%) and "Selfcare" (75.3%). Most common unmet needs were "Daily living activities" (39.2%), "Company" (36.1%), and "Memory" (34.9%). Caregivers' lower age was correlated to a higher number of PWD's unmet needs (r s = -.216; p < 0.005). Higher PWD's dependence was associated with higher number of unmet needs (r s =.177; p < 0.05). The best predictors of unmet needs were caregivers' low level of social support, high burden, young age and high level of anxiety. Conclusion: It is necessary to address psychological and social needs of PWD. The fact that PWD's unmet needs were associated mostly with caregivers' factors, highlights the importance of considering both, the PWD and their informal caregivers as targets of institutional support. It is expected that recently launched national public policies decrease PWD's unmet needs by the provision of new services for them and their informal caregivers. © 2019 The Author(s).
Exchange of secondary data in research with human beings: Ethical aspects
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01) Rojas-Avila, Javier; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska Lídice
Introduction: currently, there is a call from the scientific community for a responsible exchange of data, being relevant to promote innovation in research through the reuse of secondary data. However, the data exchange is not free of difficulties since it imposes relevant ethical challenges. On the other hand, the data exchange is also limited by legislative aspects of each country in terms of data privacy; for example, the Chilean legal system is presented. Objective: to identify the ethical aspects of exchanging secondary data in research with human beings. Methods: integrative review. Data sources: WoS, PUBMED, Scopus, and publications were searched between 2017 and 2022. Results: the final sample consisted of 12 articles, and they were organized according to ethical aspects, concerns of the research subject, and the researcher’s position in the exchange of data in research with human beings. Discussion: the creation of a Data Access Committee (DAC) and an international ethical framework are initiatives that are promoted to advance the exchange of data in research with humans. However, the legal frameworks become relevant in the context of data protection in each country, as is the Chilean case. Conclusion: progress must be made in aspects of broad informed consent, which is directly related to the legal framework of each country. © 2023; Los autores.

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