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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Variants and Their Implication in Surgery and Neck Pathologies, Using the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist
(MDPI, 2023-05) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Baeza-Garrido, Vicente; Navia-Ramírez, María Fernanda; Cariseo-Ávila, Carolina; Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Becerra-Farfan, Álvaro; Lopez, Esteban; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Loyola-Sepulveda, Walter
Introduction: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the structure responsible for sensory and motor innervation of the larynx, and it has been shown that its lesion due to a lack of surgical rigor led to alterations such as respiratory obstruction due to vocal cords paralysis and permanent phonation impairment. The objectives of this review were to know the variants of the RLN and its clinical relevance in the neck region. Methods: This review considered specific scientific articles that were written in Spanish or English and published between 1960 and 2022. A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information on Health Sciences to compile the available literature on the subject to be treated and was enrolled in PROSPERO. The included articles were studies that had a sample of RLN dissections or imaging, intervention group to look for RLN variants, or the comparison of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) variants, and finally, its clinical correlations. Review articles and letters to the editor were excluded. All included articles were evaluated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis using the methodological quality assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The extracted data in the meta-analysis were interpreted to calculate the prevalence of the RLN variants and their comparison and the relationship between the RLN and NRLN. The heterogeneity degree between included studies was assessed. Results: The included studies that showed variants of the RLN included in this review were 41, a total of 29,218. For the statistical analysis of the prevalence of the RLN variant, a forest plot was performed with 15 studies that met the condition of having a prevalence of less than 100%. As a result, the prevalence was shown to be 12% (95% CI, SD 0.11 to 0.14). Limitations that were present in this review were the publication bias of the included studies, the probability of not having carried out the most sensitive and specific search, and finally, the authors’ personal inclinations in selecting the articles. Discussion: This meta-analysis can be considered based on an update of the prevalence of RLN variants, in addition to considering that the results show some clinical correlations such as intra-surgical complications and with some pathologies and aspects function of the vocal cords, which could be a guideline in management prior to surgery or of interest for the diagnostic. © 2023 by the authors.
Over-activated hemichannels: A possible therapeutic target for human diseases
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-11-01) Retamal, Mauricio A.; Fernandez-Olivares, Ainoa; Stehberg, Jimmy
In our body, all the cells are constantly sharing chemical and electrical information with other cells. This intercellular communication allows them to respond in a concerted way to changes in the extracellular milieu. Connexins are transmembrane proteins that have the particularity of forming two types of channels; hemichannels and gap junction channels. Under normal conditions, hemichannels allow the controlled release of signaling molecules to the extracellular milieu. However, under certain pathological conditions, over-activated hemichannels can induce and/or exacerbate symptoms. In the last decade, great efforts have been put into developing new tools that can modulate these over-activated hemichannels. Small molecules, antibodies and mimetic peptides have shown a potential for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of hemichannel modulation via specific tools, and how these tools could improve patient outcome in certain pathological conditions. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces parasitic cardiac load by decreasing inflammation in a Murine model of early chronic Chagas disease
(Public Library of Science, 2021-11) Carrillo, Ileana; Rabelo, Rayane Aparecida Nonato; Barbosa, César; Rates, Mariana; Fuentes-Retamal, Sebastián; González-Herrera, Fabiola; Guzmán-Rivera, Daniela; Quintero, Helena; Kemmerling, Ulrike; Castillo, Christian; Machado, Fabiana S.; Díaz-Araya, Guillermo; Maya, Juan D.
Background Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and is widely distributed worldwide because of migration. In 30% of cases, after years of infection and in the absence of treatment, the disease progresses from an acute asymptomatic phase to a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure and death. An inadequate balance in the inflammatory response is involved in the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Current therapeutic strategies cannot prevent or reverse the heart damage caused by the parasite. Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a pro-resolving mediator of inflammation that acts through N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). AT-RvD1 participates in the modification of cytokine production, inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and efferocytosis, macrophage switching to a nonphlogistic phenotype, and the promotion of healing, thus restoring organ function. In the present study, AT-RvD1 is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to regulate the pro-inflammatory state during the early chronic phase of Chagas disease. Methodology/Principal findings C57BL/6 wild-type and FPR2 knock-out mice chronically infected with T. cruzi were treated for 20 days with 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1, 30 mg/kg/day benznidazole, or the combination of 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1 and 5 mg/kg/day benznidazole. At the end of treatment, changes in immune response, cardiac tissue damage, and parasite load were evaluated. The administration of AT-RvD1 in the early chronic phase of T. cruzi infection regulated the inflammatory response both at the systemic level and in the cardiac tissue, and it reduced cellular infiltrates, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and the parasite load in the heart tissue. © 2021 Carrillo et al.
Surgical timing prevails as the main factor over morphologic characteristics in the reduction by ligamentotaxis of thoracolumbar burst fractures
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0023-12) Cirillo, Juan Ignacio; Farias, Ignacio; Del Pino, Cristóbal; Gimbernat, Marcos; Urzúa, Alejandro; Tapia, Carlos; Zamorano, Juan José
Background: thoracolumbar burst fractures are associated with spinal canal occupation. The indirect decompression of the spinal canal and reduction of the fragment can be achieved with the distraction of the middle column and ligamentotaxis. Nevertheless, the factors that influence the effectiveness of this procedure and its temporality are controversial. Methods: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indirect reduction by ligamentotaxis in thoracolumbar burst fractures according to the fracture’s radiologic characteristics and the procedure’s temporality. Patients diagnosed with a thoracolumbar burst fracture between 2010 and 2021 were submitted to indirect reduction by distraction and ligamentotaxis. A retrospective analysis of radiologic characteristics and temporality of the procedure was performed with an independent sample t-test or Pearson’s correlation coefficient, as required. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperatively, ligamentotaxis significantly improved all radiologic parameters (canal occupation, endplates distance, and vertebra height). Still, none of the radiological characteristics of the fracture (width, height, position, sagittal angle) were associated with the postoperative change in canal occupation. The endplates distance and the temporality of ligamentotaxis significantly predicted the reduction of the fracture. Conclusion: Fragment reduction effectiveness is more significant when performed as early as possible and adequate distraction is achieved using the internal fixator system. The radiologic characteristics of the fractured fragment do not determine its reduction capacity. © 2023, The Author(s).
Unilateral Cervical Facet Fractures: Relevance of Acute Disc Injury in Conservative Treatment Failure
(Korean Society of Spine Surgery, 2023) Cirillo Totera, Juan Ignacio; Hernández Vargas, Gabriel; Farías Martini, Ignacio; Gimbernat Romero, Marcos; Urzúa Bacciarini, Alejandro; Ballesteros Plaza, José Vicente
Study Design: Case-control study. Purpose: Analyze association between imaging factors related to the failure of conservative treatment in isolated subaxial cervical facet fractures. Overview of Literature: Facet fracture (F1, F2, and F3 AOSpine) may be stable or unstable depending on clinical and imaging variables, which are not well established. As a result, differences in fracture management lead to differences in surgical or conservative indications, and there is no evidence to predict conservative treatment failure. Methods: Patients were categorized into two groups: six patients (16.2%) with conservative treatment failure (defined as the appearance of neurological symptoms, listhesis >3.5 mm, kyphotic deformation >11°, and/or non-union), and 31 patients (83.7%) with successful conservative management (defined as complete consolidation confirmed by computed tomography [CT] at the 6-month followup). All participants were fitted with rigid collars of the Miami type, and standardized follow-up was performed until consolidation or failure. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine imaging characteristics. Sagittal balance parameters were assessed using CT, and signs of acute disc injury, prevertebral edema, facet synovitis, and interspinous hyperintense signal were assessed using MRI. Results: Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with unilateral cervical facet fractures between 2009 and 2020. In this sample, acute disc injury had a significative association to failure of conservative treatment in F2 and F3 AOSpine facet fractures, 100% of the failure group presented with traumatic disc injury compared to 9.7% of the successful group, for the other variables: prevertebral edema, 83.7% vs. 41.9%; facet synovitis, 100% vs. 77.4%; and interspinous hyperintensity, 71.4% vs. 38.7%, respectively. With conservative management, all F1 fractures healed successfully. Conservative treatment failed in 20% of F2 fractures and 50% of F3 fractures, respectively. In terms of cervical sagittal balance parameters, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: Conservative management was successful in all F1 fractures. In F2 and F3 types, there was a significant association between acute disc injury and conservative treatment failure. © 2023 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
SOCIAL VALUE OF RESEARCH IN PEDIATRIC INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS ADDRESSING SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDS
(Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 0025-01) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Chepo, Macarena; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel
Ethical guidelines highlight the importance of social value in research. However, there is little analysis regarding what constitutes social value at a practical level, especially in contexts of care for special health needs. Objective: To analyze the social value of research in interdisciplinary work teams of children with special health needs. Methods: Integrative review, consulting the PubMed, Web of Science SCOPUS, CINAHL, and VHL databases in April 2024. Original articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included without temporal discrimination. 21 articles were selected, and content analysis was performed. The elements present in the approach to social value were grouped according to reference points of this principle, according to Ezekiel Emanuel's perspective. Results: The need to strengthen mechanisms to increase social value is evident through strong and continuous collaborative partnerships, with the purpose of generating greater impact in the implementation of interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: The need to develop strategies that encourage collaboration between partners involved in research is confirmed, as well as to expand dissemination outside the academic field, thereby concretizing and increasing social value. © 2025, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. All rights reserved.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025-04) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of contraceptive methods, Chile
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023) Calderón Canales, Felipe; Agüero Guerra, Nayarett; Álamos Silva, Francisca; Andrade Millalonco, Claudia; Jubal Morales, Paulina; Waymann Landini, Catalina
Introducción: la vida cotidiana se vio afectada durante el periodo de pandemia por COVID-19, por lo que se contempló una dificultad para conseguir insumos (mercadería, empleo, servicios, etc.), ahondando específicamente en la obtención de los anticonceptivos. Objetivo: describir el impacto de la pandemia en relación con uso de métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres entre los 18 y 23 años que residan en Viña del Mar. Métodos: el estudio es de tipo cuantitativo continuo, de corte transversal, es un muestreo no probabilístico, denominado “bola de nieve”. Se realizó una encuesta a mujeres residentes de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, el tamaño de la muestra consta de 90 personas en total, con un punto de cohorte entre los 18 y 23 años. Resultados: el 85 % de las encuestadas son estudiantes. Los métodos anticonceptivos más utilizados son la pastilla y el condón externo. Durante la pandemia (2020, 2021, 2022) el 12,87 % abandonó su método anticonceptivo, mientras que el 17,76 % lo cambió. Conclusión: la pandemia es un factor determinante en la adherencia a métodos anticonceptivos, a pesar que los resultados obtenidos en este estudio son positivos en comparación a otras investigaciones, se debe considerar que la interrupción de estos, supone una vulneración en los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, lo cual se debe garantizar a pesar de estar en crisis. Palabras clave: Método Anticonceptivo; Pandemia; Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea. Experiencia de un centro en los últimos 4 años
(Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile, 2023) Pruzzo G., Matías; Dorado C, José Vía; Sánchez B, María José; Readi V., Alejandro; Rodríguez G., Marcelo; Campaña V, Gonzalo
Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea (EPS) comparando las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas, complicaciones, tiempo de cicatrización y recidiva. Material y método: Estudio trasversal retrospectivo. Se revisaron las fichas de los pacientes intervenidos por EPS entre enero 2017 hasta agosto 2021. Para el seguimiento se obtuvo la información desde los registros de los controles periódicos en nuestro centro y aquellos que no continuaron con estos controles se contactaron telefónicamente. Resultados: Se recopilaron 309 casos, con una media de seguimiento de 15,6 meses. Las técnicas más utilizadas para la fase crónica de EPS fueron marsupialización y Karydakis, con tiempo de cicatrización completa de 54,5 y 18,2 días, respectivamente. La presencia de complicaciones prolongó el tiempo de cicatrización en 46,5 días en Karydakis, con mínimo impacto en marsupialización. La tasa de recidiva fue menor en Karydakis y en etapa aguda cuando se realiza destechamiento y legrado. La profilaxis antibiótica no afectó el riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Discusión: El desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias tiene mayor impacto en la cicatrización de la técnica cerrada que en la abierta, siendo esta última más tolerante en cuanto a la cicatrización frente a complicaciones. Conclusión: La intervención con técnica de Karydakis logra la cicatrización de la herida operatorio en menor tiempo que la marsupialización, sin embargo, al desarrollar complicaciones, este tiempo aumenta 3,5 veces más. La recurrencia fue menor en Karydakis. En absceso se recomienda el desteche y legrado por sobre el drenaje exclusivo.
Relationship between heart rate variability, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic factors in young adults: cross-sectional study
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2025-02) Fuentes-Barría, Héctor; Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Angarita-Davila, Lissé; Rojas-Gómez, Diana; Maureira-Sánchez, Juan; López-Soto, Olga Patricia; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo
Introduction: heart rate variability is a key indicator of cardiovascular health and autonomic balance, influenced by various factors such as age and stress. Objective: to relate heart rate variability to body composition, physical activity levels, sleep quality, and self-perceived stress in young Chilean adults with low cardiometabolic risk. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 with the participation of 32 young adults (18 to 30 years old), selected based on inclusion criteria related to adequate physical activity levels and the absence of chronic diseases. The analysis considered variables such as body composition, sleep quality, stress levels, physical activity levels, and heart rate variability, with the latter measured over a 5-minute resting period. Results: age showed a significant negative relationship with RMSSD (β = -0.43, t = -2.48, p = .02), indicating a decrease in parasympathetic activity as age increases. Self-perceived stress, however, did not show a significant impact on RMSSD (β = .09, p = .60) or the RR/RMSSD ratio (β = -0.37, p = .04). Discussion: the findings highlight the importance of heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic health, emphasizing how age and stress impact vagal modulation. These results reinforce the need to integrate autonomic monitoring into preventive strategies to improve cardiovascular health. Conclusion: heart rate variability is significantly related to age and self-perceived stress. These findings underline the importance of integrating autonomic monitoring into preventive health strategies.
In vitro efficacy of Quillaja saponaria extracts on the infective life-stage of ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-12) Cañon Jones, Hernán A.; Schlotterbeck Suarez, Trinidad; Castillo-Ruiz, Mario; Cortes Gonzalez, Hernán; Asencio, Gladys; Latuz, Susana; San Martín, Ricardo
The effect of two different commercial products of Quillaja saponaria saponin extract on mortality of the free-living copepodite stage sea-lice Caligus rogercresseyi were assessed in vitro. Parasites were exposed for 24 hr to different concentrations of Quillaja extracts and then observed until 30 hr in non-Quillaja media. The EC50 and EC90 were evaluated at 30 hr. High mortalities of copepodites were obtained at higher doses (500 ppm) for both extracts. Higher mortalities were obtained using the product with higher saponin content at 24 hr (23.3% vs. 86.6%) and 30 hr (63.3% vs. 93.3%) compared with the product containing less saponins. In addition, mortalities increased even after removing the extracts suggesting a residual and prolonged effect on the survival of the parasite. Our results indicated that the free-living stage of the parasite is sensitive to saponins from Q. saponaria extracts and may be used to control or prevent the infestation of C. rogercresseyi in salmonids in Chile. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of World Aquaculture Society.
Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Sepúlveda-Loyola, Walter; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Ordinola Ramírez, Carla María; Saldías Solis, Carol; Probst, Vanessa Suziane
Highlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia. © 2025 by the authors.
Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-02) Sepúlveda-Loyola, Walter; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Ordinola Ramírez, Carla María; Saldías Solis, Carol; Probst, Vanessa Suziane
Highlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V, 2025-04) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B.; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence
Cariogenic Risk in the Presence of Foods with Varied Glycemic Index in Dentistry Students. Cross-Sectional Study
(Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano, 0024-12) Angarita-Dávila, Lisse; Escobar-Zoñez, Josefa; Morales-Cerda, Kaslyn; Fuentes-Barria, Héctor; Carrasco-Hernández, María Eugenia; Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl
Introduction. Dentistry, a profession with high levels of stress, is associated with a decrease in quality of life and possible risks to oral health. Objective. Identify the cariogenic risk from foods consumed by dentistry students in the Biobío region. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study with 178 dental students from the Biobio region (Chile), whose analysis considers the self-assessment of academic stress with the Academic Stress Inventory, cariogenic risk through the Lipari and Andrade Cariogenic Food Consumption Survey, and the glycemic index evaluated by the International Glycemic Index Tables. The statistical analysis considers the Chi-square test, with the effect size determined by Cramer’s V. Results. The students were 22.2 ± 3.1 years old. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 44.4% (n = 79), 52.8% (n = 94) were of normal weight, and 2.8% (n = 5) were underweight. Additionally, 59.6% (n = 106) reported low stress levels and 57.8% (n = 103) had medium cariogenic risk. The analysis of cariogenic risk revealed significant differences in the intake of 14 food groups, especially those high in sugars. In the overweight/obesity subgroup, significant differences were observed in the consumption of milk, cookies, soda crackers, candies, and sweet pastries. Conclusion. An association was found between foods rich in sugar, nutritional sta-tus, and cariogenic risk, while appetizing foods were related to academic stress. © 2025. María Cano University Foundation.
Andrographolide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
(Nature Research, 2022-12) Arredondo, Sebastian B.; Reyes, Daniel T.; Herrera-Soto, Andrea; Mardones, Muriel D.; Inestrosa, Nibaldo C.; Varela-Nallar, Lorena
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) there is a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis that has been associated to cognitive deficits. Previously we showed that Andrographolide (ANDRO), the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculate, induces proliferation in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD as assessed by staining with the mitotic marker Ki67. Here, we further characterized the effect of ANDRO on hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice and evaluated the contribution of this process to the cognitive effect of ANDRO. Treatment of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice with ANDRO for 4 weeks increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Although ANDRO had no effect on neuronal differentiation of newborn cells, it strongly increased neural progenitors, neuroblasts and newborn immature neurons, cell populations that were decreased in APP/PS1 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. ANDRO had no effect on migration or in total dendritic length, arborization and orientation of immature neurons, suggesting no effects on early morphological development of newborn neurons. Finally, ANDRO treatment improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the object location memory task. This effect was not completely prevented by co-treatment with the anti-mitotic drug TMZ, suggesting that other effects of ANDRO in addition to the increase in neurogenesis might underlie the observed cognitive improvement. Altogether, our data indicate that in APP/PS1 mice ANDRO stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus by inducing proliferation of neural precursor cells and improves spatial memory performance. © 2021, The Author(s).
Integración de la estructura organizacional en coordinaciones de postgrados en universidades del estado Zulia - Venezuela
(Centro de Informacion Tecnologica, 2021-12) Ramírez, Reynier I.; Torres, Joiner D.; Velilla, María V.; Lay, Nelson D.
El estudio describe la integración de la estructura organizacional en las coordinaciones de postgrados de universidades del estado Zulia. Se usó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, y diseño transeccional, utilizando como unidades de observación 104 coordinadores. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado por diez expertos, con una confiabilidad de rtt =0, 857 calculada con el método Alfa Cronbach. Los resultados muestran la presencia de los indicadores que integran la estructura organizacional, siendo el de mayor puntaje el ideológico, seguidamente de lo orgánico-estructural, el normativo, tecnológico, desfavoreciendo lo psico-social. Se concluye que la estructura organizacional en las coordinaciones de postgrados, integran la cultura institucional y dimensiones de su doctrina. Además, estandarizan el comportamiento organizacional como respuesta operante en la consolidación de metas.
Anatomical variations and abnormalities of the maxillary region and clinical implications: A systematic review and metaanalysis
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023-09) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Baez-Flores, Belén; Sepúlveda, Roberto Ávila; Medina, Claudia Moya; Pérez, Rubén; López, Esteban; Sanchis, Juan; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Silva, Javiera Leyton; Rodriguez, Macarena Cecilia; Iwanaga, Joe
Objective: The objective of this review is to investigate and analyze the anatomical variations present in the maxillary sinus (MS), through the examination of the prevalence of these variations, as well as the corresponding prevalence of clinically significant pathologies and complications associated with them. Methods: The search process was carried out in the following databases; MEDLINE, SCIELO, WOS, CINHAL, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, using as search terms; "Maxillary bone," "Maxillary sinus," "Paranasal sinus," "Anatomical variations," "Sinusitis" and "Clinical anatomy." Results: A total of 26 articles and 12969 samples were included, from which 12,594 subjects had their sex recorded giving a total of 5802 males and 6792 females. The variants reported by the included were Haller cells, Concha Bullosa, Number of septa, Hypoplastic sinus, Agger Nasi, Thickening of the MS mucosa, Deviation of the nasal septum, Accessory ostium, and Onodi cells. Among the mentioned, the ones that presented the greatest number of studies (between 8 and 10 studies included) were: the Haller Cells, the Concha Bullosa, and the Number of septa, where prevalence was 0.30, 0.36, 0.39 respectively. These variations can lead to sinusitis, cause some types of tumors, or affect neighboring structures that could be compromised by this variation. Conclusion: As a result, it is certainly complex to distinguish the presence of anatomical variations from pathological abnormalities. Therefore, knowledge of the different variations and their clinical relationships could be a useful asset for clinicians dedicated to this region. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Correlación entre los Estilos de Aprendizaje Según el Modelo de Felder-Silverman y el Rendimiento Académico de la Asignatura de Morfología y Función en Estudiantes Universitarios
(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-10) Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Héctor; Araya-Quintanilla, Felipe; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Nova, Pablo; Aviles-Walles, Maickel
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre la tendencia predominante del estilo de aprendizaje, según el modelo de Felder-Silverman, evaluando el rendimiento académico parcial y final de los estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Morfología y Función I. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 231 estudiantes universitarios que ingresaron a las Facultades de Salud y Educación en el primer semestre del año 2019. Para poder evaluar el rendimiento, a los estudiantes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Índice de Estilos de Aprendizaje y se correlacionó con la nota de la prueba teórica 1, la evaluación práctica 1 y el promedio final de la asignatura. Los resultados muestran que el 53,4 % del total de estudiantes evaluados son visuales, para estos estudiantes el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman fue de -0,378 para prueba teórica (p<0,001), -0.467 para evaluación práctica (p<0,001) y -0.500 para el promedio final (p<0,001). Los estudiantes visuales tienen promedio de notas más altos en la prueba teórica y el promedio final comparado con los activos (p<0,05). Se concluyó que la tendencia predominante es el visual, para estos estudiantes existe una correlación inversa y estadísticamente significativa con el rendimiento académico. Además, presentan un promedio de notas significativamente más alto que las otras tendencias.

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