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Type 2 diabetes in latin America: recommendations on the flash glucose monitoring system
(Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome Open AccessVolume 16, Issue 1December 2024 Article number 106, 2024-12) Krakauer, Marcio; Gómez, Ana M.; Almeda-Valdes, Paloma; Manrique, Helard; Ruiz Morosini, María Lidia; Godoy Jorquera, Gonzalo; Nunes Salles, João Eduardo; Sanhueza Costa, David; de Azeredo Siqueira, Rodrigo; Faradji, Raquel N.; Rincón Ramírez, Alex; Ré, Matías
Objective: To establish recommendations through the consensus of a Latin American experts panel on the use of the flash glucose monitoring system (fCGM) in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarding the benefits and challenges of using the fCGM. Methods: An executive committee of experts was created, comprised by a panel of fifteen physicians, including endocrinologists and internal medicine physicians, with expertise in management of adult patients with T2DM. The experts were from various countries: Colombia, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. The modified Delphi method was used, considering a consensus level of at least 80% of the participants. A seventeen-item instrument was developed to establish recommendations on the use of fCGM in patients with T2DM in Latin American. Results: The number of glucose scans recommended per day with the fCGM for patients managed with oral antidiabetic drugs or basal insulin was a median of 6 scans per day, and for those managed with multiple insulin doses, a median of 10 scans per day was recommended. Additionally, a holistic and individualized management approach was recommended, taking into account new treatment directions and identifying patients who would benefit from the use of the fCGM. Conclusion: Continuous use of the fCGM is recommended for people living with T2DM, regardless of their type of treatment. These metrics must be evaluated individually for each patient profile.
High-Fat Diet in Perinatal Period Promotes Liver Steatosis and Low Desaturation Capacity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dams: A Link with Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Mercado-López, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Farias, Camila; Beyer, María Paz; Carrasco-Gutiérrez, Robinson; Caicedo-Paz, Angie Vanessa; Dagnino-Subiabre, Alexies; Espinosa, Alejandra; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation on maternal and offspring health, focusing on behavioral, metabolic, and fatty acid composition outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Twelve female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a control diet, CD (n = 6), or HFD (n = 6) for 12 weeks, encompassing mating, gestation, and lactation periods (18 weeks). Anxiety-like behavior, maternal behavior, depression-like behavior, and social play were studied. Post mortem, the liver function, hepatic steatosis, and fatty acid composition (erythrocytes, liver, adipose tissue) were evaluated. In regard to desaturase enzymes (Δ-6D and Δ-5D), liver activity, protein mass, and gene expression (RT-PCR) were analyzed. Additionally, gene expression of PPAR-α, ACOX, CPT1-α, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, mean ± SD (p < 0.05). Results: The HFD significantly increased maternal weight and anxiety-like behavior while reducing social interactions exclusively in male offspring (p < 0.05). It also led to a significant decrease in the synthesis and content of n-3 PUFAs in the analyzed tissues, induced hepatic steatosis, and upregulated the expression of pro-lipogenic genes in the maternal liver. Conclusions: These findings suggest that long-term HFD consumption alters tissue fatty acid composition, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and contributes to behavioral changes, increasing anxiety-like behaviors in pregnant dams and reducing social interactions in male offspring. Overall, this study provides further insight into the detrimental effects of HFD consumption during the perinatal period. © 2025 by the authors.
Prenatal fluoxetine impairs non-hippocampal but not hippocampal memory in adult male rat offspring
(NEPHB, 2021-10-01) Moraga-Amaro, Rodrigo; Díaz-Galarce, Raul; Donoso-Ramos, Juan P.; Ugalde, Valentina; Linsambarth, Sergio; Doorduin, Janine; de Vries, Erik FJ.; Ampuero, Estibaliz; Peña, Francisca; Pacheco, Rodrigo; Wyneken, Ursula; Stehberg, Jimmy
Fluoxetine is often prescribed to treat depression during pregnancy. Rodent studies have shown that fluoxetine exposure during early development can induce persistent changes in the emotional behavior of the offspring. However, the effects of prenatal fluoxetine on memory have not been elucidated. This study evaluates the memory of adult male offspring from rat dams orally administered with a clinically relevant dose of 0.7 mg/kg fluoxetine from 9 weeks before pregnancy to 1 week before delivery. Hippocampal-dependent (Morris Water Maze, MWM) and non-hippocampal-dependent (Novel Object Recognition, NOR) memory paradigms were assessed. Anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms were also evaluated using the Open Field Test, Tail Suspension Test and Sucrose Preference Test. Male rats exposed to fluoxetine during gestation displayed NOR memory impairments during adulthood, as well as increased anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms. In the MWM, the offspring of fluoxetine-treated dams did not show learning deficits. However, a retention impairment was found on remote memory, 15 days after the end of training. Molecular analyses showed increased expression of NMDA subunit NR2B, and a decrease in NR2A-to- NR2B ratio in the temporal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, suggesting changes in NMDA receptor composition. These results suggest that in utero exposure to fluoxetine induces detrimental effects on non-hippocampal memory and in remote retention of hippocampal-dependent memory, which is believed to be stored in the temporal cortex, possibly due to changes in cortical NMDA receptor subunit stoichiometry. The present results warrant the need for studies on potential remote memory deficits in human offspring exposed to fluoxetine in utero. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Need for active commuting to improve cardiorespiratory health: analysis of a population survey in Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime Andrés; Cigarroa Cuevas, Igor; Faúndez-Casanova, César Patricio; Álvarez Lepin, Cristian; Luna-Villouta, Pablo Felipe; Castillo-Retamal, Marcelo Eduardo
Introduction: increased active commuting is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness. Evidence in Chile is scarce. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and active commuting in the Chilean population. Methodology: we analysed data from 5292 cases related to walking speed (brisk, normal, slow) and 1861 cases of active commuting via walking or cycling (measured in minutes) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. The fitness was estimated using five equations. The association between fitness, walking speed, and active commuting was assessed through linear regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health-related confounding variables. Results: in the unadjusted models, "brisk" walking speed was associated with a fitness increase ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 mlO2/kg/min. After adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health variables, the fitness increment for "brisk" walking speed ranged from 0.1 to 3.7 mlO2/kg/min in three models (all p < 0.001). Conversely, for every one-minute increase in active commuting via walking or cycling, the fitness increased between 0.06 and 0.07 mlO2/kg/min in four unadjusted models (p < 0.001). Consequently, a daily increase of 10 minutes in active commuting, sustained over five days, was associated with a fitness increment ranging from 28.5 to 32 mlO2/kg/min. Conclusions: engaging in "brisk" walking and increasing the duration of walking or bicycle commuting significantly enhanced fitness, irrespective of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health factors. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Associations of number and position of tooth loss and quality of life in the Chilean population: a cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Sersen, Andrés Celis; Celis-Dooner, Jorge; Buratovic, Juan Pablo Vargas; Mococain, Claudio Carrasco; Torres, Beatriz Mellado; Ferrer, Francisco Moreno; Tagle, Elizabeth López; Borroto, Duniel Ortuno
Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated the association between Quality of Life (QoL) and the prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss. However, the role of the position and location of tooth loss in impacting QoL remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate the association of tooth loss, including anterior losses, with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Chileans aged 15 years and older who participated in the ENS 2016–2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we included 5473 individuals enrolled in the last Chilean National Health Survey (ENS 2016–2017). HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire, while OHRQoL was assessed through a general question (GQ/ENS) and five specific questions (SQ/ENS). An analysis of variance test was performed to determine how difference or variation in the number(s) of teeth affected their HRQoL. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to determine how and to what degree anterior tooth loss was associated both with HRQOL and OHRQOL in the study sample. Results: The number of remaining teeth was significantly higher in the ‘No problems’ group across all EQ-5D dimensions, except Anxiety/Depression. The largest difference was in Self-care, where ‘No problems’ had a mean of 20.18 compared to 6.43 teeth in the ‘Problematic’ group. Anxiety/Depression showed higher odds of ‘Some problems’ with upper anterior tooth loss, while ‘Usual Activities’ showed higher odds of ‘problematic’ with lower anterior tooth loss. Participants with an ‘Excellent’ OHRQoL perception had a mean of 24.32 teeth. Also, upper and lower anterior tooth loss increased the odds of OHRQoL self-perception. Conclusions: Tooth loss was associated with lower HRQoL and OHRQoL in some groups, with more remaining teeth associated with better outcomes, while anterior tooth loss was- linked to worse self-perceived oral health. © The Author(s) 2025.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025
Psychosocial effects of Brazilian Truth Commission
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 0024) Mathias, Anderson; Páez, Darío; Espinosa, Agustín; Alzugaray, Carolina; Sandoval, Salvador
A Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed. © 2024 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.
Fri-1 is an anti-cancer isoquinolinequinone that inhibits the mitochondrial bioenergetics and blocks metabolic shifts by redox disruption in breast cancer cells
(MDPI, 2021-10) Córdova-Delgado, Miguel; Fuentes-Retamal, Sebastián; Palominos, Charlotte; López-Torres, Camila; Guzmán-Rivera, Daniela; Ramírez-Rodríguez, Oney; Araya-Maturana, Ramiro; Urra, Félix A.
Since breast cancer (BC) cells are dependent on mitochondrial bioenergetics for promoting proliferation, survival, and metastasis, mitochondria highlight as an important target for anticancer drug discovery. FRI-1, methyl 1, 3-dimethyl-5, 8-dioxo-5, 8-dihydro-4-isoquinolinecarboxylate, was previously described as a selective cytotoxic compound on cancer cell lines, however, details on the mechanism of action remain unknown. In this work, we describe that FRI-1 inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, producing apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines. FRI-1 decreases the maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ∆ψm, NADH, and ATP levels, with a notable increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoting AMPK activation with pro-survival effects. Moreover, FRI-1 inhibits the metabolic remodeling to glycolysis induced by oligomycin. In isolated tumoral mitochondria, FRI-1 increases Complex I and III-dependent OCR state 2, and this is sensitive to rotenone and antimycin A inhibitor additions, suggesting a redox cycling event. Remarkably, α-ketoglutarate and lipoic acid supplementation reversed and promoted, respectively, the FRI-1-induced apoptosis, suggesting that mitochondrial redox disruption affects 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) activity, and this is involved in their anticancer mechanism. Consistent with this, the combination of FRI-1 and CPI-613, a dual inhibitor of redox-sensible tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes PDH and OGDH, produced extensive BC cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that FRI-1 exhibits anticancer effects through inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics by redox disruption in BC cells. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Psychosocial effects of Brazilian Truth Commission
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 0024) Mathias, Anderson; Páez, Darío; Espinosa, Agustín; Techio, Elza Maria; Alzugaray, Carolina; Sandoval, Salvador; Sandoval, Salvador; Moraes, Albert; Albuquerque, Rosiane; Araújo, Lidiane; Pinto, Adriele
A Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed. © 2024 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.
Sobrepeso y obesidad en Chile: Consideraciones para su abordaje en un contexto de inequidad social
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2023-08) Thomas-Lange, Jeffrey
Con 3 de cada 4 personas viviendo con sobrepeso u obesidad, la prevalencia de IMC elevado en Chile es de las más altas del continente, mostrando un patrón de distribución inequitativo mediado por determinantes estructurales que modelan el comportamiento en salud (seguridad social, nivel socioeconómico, educación, género, entre otros). Las características socioeconómicas del país, nación de ingresos altos con marcada inequidad, son poco comunes y representan un desafío adicional a la hora de diseñar intervenciones en salud. Una alta concentración de riqueza permite ser clasificado como país de ingresos altos aun cuando la mayor parte de la población pertenecería a una clase social vulnerable, cuyos ingresos se ven acompañados de recursos sociales y simbólicos que dificultan doblemente la adopción de un “estilo de vida” saludable. A pesar de las múltiples estrategias nutricionales implementadas, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad continúa en aumento. Se postula como gran responsable al insistente uso de modelos basados en elección y responsabilidad individual, que buscan modificar factores de riesgo conductuales (sedentarismo y alta ingesta calórica) sin neutralizar los determinantes estructurales que predisponen esa conducta. Favorablemente, la última Política Nacional de Nutrición reconoce la “determinación social de la alimentación”, representando un cambio de paradigma que confiere cierto optimismo y cuya eficacia deberá ser evaluada en los próximos años.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Variants and Their Implication in Surgery and Neck Pathologies, Using the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist
(MDPI, 2023-05) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Baeza-Garrido, Vicente; Navia-Ramírez, María Fernanda; Cariseo-Ávila, Carolina; Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Becerra-Farfan, Álvaro; Lopez, Esteban; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Loyola-Sepulveda, Walter
Introduction: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the structure responsible for sensory and motor innervation of the larynx, and it has been shown that its lesion due to a lack of surgical rigor led to alterations such as respiratory obstruction due to vocal cords paralysis and permanent phonation impairment. The objectives of this review were to know the variants of the RLN and its clinical relevance in the neck region. Methods: This review considered specific scientific articles that were written in Spanish or English and published between 1960 and 2022. A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information on Health Sciences to compile the available literature on the subject to be treated and was enrolled in PROSPERO. The included articles were studies that had a sample of RLN dissections or imaging, intervention group to look for RLN variants, or the comparison of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) variants, and finally, its clinical correlations. Review articles and letters to the editor were excluded. All included articles were evaluated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis using the methodological quality assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The extracted data in the meta-analysis were interpreted to calculate the prevalence of the RLN variants and their comparison and the relationship between the RLN and NRLN. The heterogeneity degree between included studies was assessed. Results: The included studies that showed variants of the RLN included in this review were 41, a total of 29,218. For the statistical analysis of the prevalence of the RLN variant, a forest plot was performed with 15 studies that met the condition of having a prevalence of less than 100%. As a result, the prevalence was shown to be 12% (95% CI, SD 0.11 to 0.14). Limitations that were present in this review were the publication bias of the included studies, the probability of not having carried out the most sensitive and specific search, and finally, the authors’ personal inclinations in selecting the articles. Discussion: This meta-analysis can be considered based on an update of the prevalence of RLN variants, in addition to considering that the results show some clinical correlations such as intra-surgical complications and with some pathologies and aspects function of the vocal cords, which could be a guideline in management prior to surgery or of interest for the diagnostic. © 2023 by the authors.
Over-activated hemichannels: A possible therapeutic target for human diseases
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-11-01) Retamal, Mauricio A.; Fernandez-Olivares, Ainoa; Stehberg, Jimmy
In our body, all the cells are constantly sharing chemical and electrical information with other cells. This intercellular communication allows them to respond in a concerted way to changes in the extracellular milieu. Connexins are transmembrane proteins that have the particularity of forming two types of channels; hemichannels and gap junction channels. Under normal conditions, hemichannels allow the controlled release of signaling molecules to the extracellular milieu. However, under certain pathological conditions, over-activated hemichannels can induce and/or exacerbate symptoms. In the last decade, great efforts have been put into developing new tools that can modulate these over-activated hemichannels. Small molecules, antibodies and mimetic peptides have shown a potential for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of hemichannel modulation via specific tools, and how these tools could improve patient outcome in certain pathological conditions. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces parasitic cardiac load by decreasing inflammation in a Murine model of early chronic Chagas disease
(Public Library of Science, 2021-11) Carrillo, Ileana; Rabelo, Rayane Aparecida Nonato; Barbosa, César; Rates, Mariana; Fuentes-Retamal, Sebastián; González-Herrera, Fabiola; Guzmán-Rivera, Daniela; Quintero, Helena; Kemmerling, Ulrike; Castillo, Christian; Machado, Fabiana S.; Díaz-Araya, Guillermo; Maya, Juan D.
Background Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and is widely distributed worldwide because of migration. In 30% of cases, after years of infection and in the absence of treatment, the disease progresses from an acute asymptomatic phase to a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure and death. An inadequate balance in the inflammatory response is involved in the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Current therapeutic strategies cannot prevent or reverse the heart damage caused by the parasite. Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a pro-resolving mediator of inflammation that acts through N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). AT-RvD1 participates in the modification of cytokine production, inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and efferocytosis, macrophage switching to a nonphlogistic phenotype, and the promotion of healing, thus restoring organ function. In the present study, AT-RvD1 is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to regulate the pro-inflammatory state during the early chronic phase of Chagas disease. Methodology/Principal findings C57BL/6 wild-type and FPR2 knock-out mice chronically infected with T. cruzi were treated for 20 days with 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1, 30 mg/kg/day benznidazole, or the combination of 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1 and 5 mg/kg/day benznidazole. At the end of treatment, changes in immune response, cardiac tissue damage, and parasite load were evaluated. The administration of AT-RvD1 in the early chronic phase of T. cruzi infection regulated the inflammatory response both at the systemic level and in the cardiac tissue, and it reduced cellular infiltrates, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and the parasite load in the heart tissue. © 2021 Carrillo et al.
Surgical timing prevails as the main factor over morphologic characteristics in the reduction by ligamentotaxis of thoracolumbar burst fractures
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0023-12) Cirillo, Juan Ignacio; Farias, Ignacio; Del Pino, Cristóbal; Gimbernat, Marcos; Urzúa, Alejandro; Tapia, Carlos; Zamorano, Juan José
Background: thoracolumbar burst fractures are associated with spinal canal occupation. The indirect decompression of the spinal canal and reduction of the fragment can be achieved with the distraction of the middle column and ligamentotaxis. Nevertheless, the factors that influence the effectiveness of this procedure and its temporality are controversial. Methods: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indirect reduction by ligamentotaxis in thoracolumbar burst fractures according to the fracture’s radiologic characteristics and the procedure’s temporality. Patients diagnosed with a thoracolumbar burst fracture between 2010 and 2021 were submitted to indirect reduction by distraction and ligamentotaxis. A retrospective analysis of radiologic characteristics and temporality of the procedure was performed with an independent sample t-test or Pearson’s correlation coefficient, as required. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperatively, ligamentotaxis significantly improved all radiologic parameters (canal occupation, endplates distance, and vertebra height). Still, none of the radiological characteristics of the fracture (width, height, position, sagittal angle) were associated with the postoperative change in canal occupation. The endplates distance and the temporality of ligamentotaxis significantly predicted the reduction of the fracture. Conclusion: Fragment reduction effectiveness is more significant when performed as early as possible and adequate distraction is achieved using the internal fixator system. The radiologic characteristics of the fractured fragment do not determine its reduction capacity. © 2023, The Author(s).
Unilateral Cervical Facet Fractures: Relevance of Acute Disc Injury in Conservative Treatment Failure
(Korean Society of Spine Surgery, 2023) Cirillo Totera, Juan Ignacio; Hernández Vargas, Gabriel; Farías Martini, Ignacio; Gimbernat Romero, Marcos; Urzúa Bacciarini, Alejandro; Ballesteros Plaza, José Vicente
Study Design: Case-control study. Purpose: Analyze association between imaging factors related to the failure of conservative treatment in isolated subaxial cervical facet fractures. Overview of Literature: Facet fracture (F1, F2, and F3 AOSpine) may be stable or unstable depending on clinical and imaging variables, which are not well established. As a result, differences in fracture management lead to differences in surgical or conservative indications, and there is no evidence to predict conservative treatment failure. Methods: Patients were categorized into two groups: six patients (16.2%) with conservative treatment failure (defined as the appearance of neurological symptoms, listhesis >3.5 mm, kyphotic deformation >11°, and/or non-union), and 31 patients (83.7%) with successful conservative management (defined as complete consolidation confirmed by computed tomography [CT] at the 6-month followup). All participants were fitted with rigid collars of the Miami type, and standardized follow-up was performed until consolidation or failure. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine imaging characteristics. Sagittal balance parameters were assessed using CT, and signs of acute disc injury, prevertebral edema, facet synovitis, and interspinous hyperintense signal were assessed using MRI. Results: Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with unilateral cervical facet fractures between 2009 and 2020. In this sample, acute disc injury had a significative association to failure of conservative treatment in F2 and F3 AOSpine facet fractures, 100% of the failure group presented with traumatic disc injury compared to 9.7% of the successful group, for the other variables: prevertebral edema, 83.7% vs. 41.9%; facet synovitis, 100% vs. 77.4%; and interspinous hyperintensity, 71.4% vs. 38.7%, respectively. With conservative management, all F1 fractures healed successfully. Conservative treatment failed in 20% of F2 fractures and 50% of F3 fractures, respectively. In terms of cervical sagittal balance parameters, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: Conservative management was successful in all F1 fractures. In F2 and F3 types, there was a significant association between acute disc injury and conservative treatment failure. © 2023 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
SOCIAL VALUE OF RESEARCH IN PEDIATRIC INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS ADDRESSING SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDS
(Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 0025-01) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Chepo, Macarena; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel
Ethical guidelines highlight the importance of social value in research. However, there is little analysis regarding what constitutes social value at a practical level, especially in contexts of care for special health needs. Objective: To analyze the social value of research in interdisciplinary work teams of children with special health needs. Methods: Integrative review, consulting the PubMed, Web of Science SCOPUS, CINAHL, and VHL databases in April 2024. Original articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included without temporal discrimination. 21 articles were selected, and content analysis was performed. The elements present in the approach to social value were grouped according to reference points of this principle, according to Ezekiel Emanuel's perspective. Results: The need to strengthen mechanisms to increase social value is evident through strong and continuous collaborative partnerships, with the purpose of generating greater impact in the implementation of interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: The need to develop strategies that encourage collaboration between partners involved in research is confirmed, as well as to expand dissemination outside the academic field, thereby concretizing and increasing social value. © 2025, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. All rights reserved.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025-04) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of contraceptive methods, Chile
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023) Calderón Canales, Felipe; Agüero Guerra, Nayarett; Álamos Silva, Francisca; Andrade Millalonco, Claudia; Jubal Morales, Paulina; Waymann Landini, Catalina
Introducción: la vida cotidiana se vio afectada durante el periodo de pandemia por COVID-19, por lo que se contempló una dificultad para conseguir insumos (mercadería, empleo, servicios, etc.), ahondando específicamente en la obtención de los anticonceptivos. Objetivo: describir el impacto de la pandemia en relación con uso de métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres entre los 18 y 23 años que residan en Viña del Mar. Métodos: el estudio es de tipo cuantitativo continuo, de corte transversal, es un muestreo no probabilístico, denominado “bola de nieve”. Se realizó una encuesta a mujeres residentes de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, el tamaño de la muestra consta de 90 personas en total, con un punto de cohorte entre los 18 y 23 años. Resultados: el 85 % de las encuestadas son estudiantes. Los métodos anticonceptivos más utilizados son la pastilla y el condón externo. Durante la pandemia (2020, 2021, 2022) el 12,87 % abandonó su método anticonceptivo, mientras que el 17,76 % lo cambió. Conclusión: la pandemia es un factor determinante en la adherencia a métodos anticonceptivos, a pesar que los resultados obtenidos en este estudio son positivos en comparación a otras investigaciones, se debe considerar que la interrupción de estos, supone una vulneración en los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, lo cual se debe garantizar a pesar de estar en crisis. Palabras clave: Método Anticonceptivo; Pandemia; Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea. Experiencia de un centro en los últimos 4 años
(Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile, 2023) Pruzzo G., Matías; Dorado C, José Vía; Sánchez B, María José; Readi V., Alejandro; Rodríguez G., Marcelo; Campaña V, Gonzalo
Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea (EPS) comparando las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas, complicaciones, tiempo de cicatrización y recidiva. Material y método: Estudio trasversal retrospectivo. Se revisaron las fichas de los pacientes intervenidos por EPS entre enero 2017 hasta agosto 2021. Para el seguimiento se obtuvo la información desde los registros de los controles periódicos en nuestro centro y aquellos que no continuaron con estos controles se contactaron telefónicamente. Resultados: Se recopilaron 309 casos, con una media de seguimiento de 15,6 meses. Las técnicas más utilizadas para la fase crónica de EPS fueron marsupialización y Karydakis, con tiempo de cicatrización completa de 54,5 y 18,2 días, respectivamente. La presencia de complicaciones prolongó el tiempo de cicatrización en 46,5 días en Karydakis, con mínimo impacto en marsupialización. La tasa de recidiva fue menor en Karydakis y en etapa aguda cuando se realiza destechamiento y legrado. La profilaxis antibiótica no afectó el riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Discusión: El desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias tiene mayor impacto en la cicatrización de la técnica cerrada que en la abierta, siendo esta última más tolerante en cuanto a la cicatrización frente a complicaciones. Conclusión: La intervención con técnica de Karydakis logra la cicatrización de la herida operatorio en menor tiempo que la marsupialización, sin embargo, al desarrollar complicaciones, este tiempo aumenta 3,5 veces más. La recurrencia fue menor en Karydakis. En absceso se recomienda el desteche y legrado por sobre el drenaje exclusivo.

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