Estudio de factibilidad técnica de aprovechamiento de relave abandonado de cobre: “coordenadas 32°10’19’’S- 71°08’46’’W”
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Fecha
2019
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
Conforme a las investigaciones desarrolladas previamente por Gustavo Villalobos y Cristóbal Farfán (actuales Ingenieros civiles en Metalurgia de la Universidad Andrés Bellos), se concluye que todos los relaves son homogéneos en sus propiedades físicas no así en su composición mineralógica la cual varia a lo largo de toda la extensión del depósito. El relave estudiado, ubicado en la provincia de Petorca, V región, coordenadas 32°10’19’’S- 71°08’46’’W”, fue sometido a diversas pruebas físicas bajo las Normas chilenas, con el objetivo de encontrar sus posibles usos comerciales, evaluar los costos asociados y determinar los eventuales beneficios económicos que este podría otorgar.
Las pruebas realizadas para validar la presente investigación fueron: medición de Ph de relave, análisis granulométrico, análisis de difracción de rayos X, cálculo de humedad, cálculo de densidad aparente y real, esponjamiento del relave, consistencia, ensayo de flexión, ensayo de compresión, determinación impurezas orgánicas en arena y pruebas para determinar límites de Atterberg.
En base a los resultados obtenidos se clasifica al relave como “Terreno flojo apto para su extracción, conformado en su mayor parte por arena cuarcífera, el cual posee una consistencia de baja plasticidad”, por lo cual se determinó que el mejor uso para el depósito relave estudiado, es como reemplazo de arena fina para material de construcción. Debido a su granulometría extremadamente fina y su baja plasticidad, otorgan una mayor cohesión de las partículas en los morteros ligeros generados con él, siendo estos más resistentes que los utilizados en la actualidad. Por otra parte, se descarta el uso del depósito relave como sub base y base de pavimentos, además de su uso como materia prima para la fabricación de ladrillos, cerámicas y cemento puzolánico.
Se destaca la necesidad de realizar estudios posteriores referente a la cuantificación real de plomo y arsénicos, elementos presentes en la mineralogía del relave, con el fin analizar los efectos que podrían tener sobre él depósito.
Finalmente, es importante destacar que el depósito cuenta con 66.099 m3 de material aproximadamente, por lo que sí es vendido al precio actual al cual se comercializa los áridos tradicionales generaría una ganancia de aproximadamente $268 millones con una vida útil de 419 días.
According to the investigations previously developed by Gustavo Villalobos and Cristóbal Farfán (current Civil Engineers in Metallurgy of the Andrés Bellos University), it is concluded that all tails are homogeneous in their physical properties but not in their mineralogical composition which varies throughout all the extension of the deposit. The tailings studied, located in the province of Petorca, V region, coordinates 32°10'19''S- 71°08'46''W", was subjected to various physical tests under the Chilean Standards, in order to find its possible commercial uses, evaluate the associated costs and determine the possible economic benefits that this could provide.. The tests carried out to validate the present investigation were: tailings pH measurement, granulometric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, moisture calculation, calculation of apparent and real density, tailings swelling, consistency, bending test, compression test, determination of organic impurities in sand and tests to determine Atterberg limits. In the base of the results it is classified as "Loose soil suitable for extraction, it is mostly made up of quartz sand, which is a low plasticity consistency", so the best use for the tailings deposit is determined studied, it's like replacing fine sand for construction material. Due to its extremely fine granulometry and its low plasticity, also a greater cohesion of the particles in the mortars. On the other hand, it is possible to use the deposit of base data of pavement bases, besides its use as a raw material for the manufacture of bricks, ceramics and pozzolanic cement. The need to carry out further studies regarding the actual quantification of lead and arsenic, elements present in the mineralogy of the tailings, in order to analyze the effects that could have on the deposit Finally, it is important to note that the deposit has approximately 66,099 m3 of material, so if it is sold at the current price at which the traditional aggregates are sold, it would generate a profit of approximately $ 268 million with a useful life of 419 days.
According to the investigations previously developed by Gustavo Villalobos and Cristóbal Farfán (current Civil Engineers in Metallurgy of the Andrés Bellos University), it is concluded that all tails are homogeneous in their physical properties but not in their mineralogical composition which varies throughout all the extension of the deposit. The tailings studied, located in the province of Petorca, V region, coordinates 32°10'19''S- 71°08'46''W", was subjected to various physical tests under the Chilean Standards, in order to find its possible commercial uses, evaluate the associated costs and determine the possible economic benefits that this could provide.. The tests carried out to validate the present investigation were: tailings pH measurement, granulometric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, moisture calculation, calculation of apparent and real density, tailings swelling, consistency, bending test, compression test, determination of organic impurities in sand and tests to determine Atterberg limits. In the base of the results it is classified as "Loose soil suitable for extraction, it is mostly made up of quartz sand, which is a low plasticity consistency", so the best use for the tailings deposit is determined studied, it's like replacing fine sand for construction material. Due to its extremely fine granulometry and its low plasticity, also a greater cohesion of the particles in the mortars. On the other hand, it is possible to use the deposit of base data of pavement bases, besides its use as a raw material for the manufacture of bricks, ceramics and pozzolanic cement. The need to carry out further studies regarding the actual quantification of lead and arsenic, elements present in the mineralogy of the tailings, in order to analyze the effects that could have on the deposit Finally, it is important to note that the deposit has approximately 66,099 m3 of material, so if it is sold at the current price at which the traditional aggregates are sold, it would generate a profit of approximately $ 268 million with a useful life of 419 days.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Metalurgia)
Palabras clave
Relaves (Cobre), Proyectos de Inversión, Evaluación