Prevalencia de Bartonella Henselae en donantes de sangre y potencial capacidad de transmisión por vía sanguínea
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Fecha
2013
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Bartonella henselae es una bacteria ampliamente distribuida a nivel mundial,
pertenece a la familia Bartonellaceae, es morfológicamente descrita como bacilo Gram
negativo, intracelular facultativo, de difícil cultivo por lo que se cataloga como fastidioso; el
principal reservorio de esta bacteria es el gato los cuales se infectan entre sí por medio de la
pulga del gato Ctenocephalides felis. La infección en humanos ocurre en forma accidental ya sea
por mordedura o rasguño del animal en el cual puede causar enfermedad por arañazo de gato,
angiomatosis bacilar, peliosis hepática y fiebre asociada a bacterernia.
Una vez la bacteria ingresa al torrente sanguíneo posee dos sitios blanco: el
primero corresponde a las células endoteliales las cuales actúan como nicho primario, en ellas
este microorganismo es capaz de replicarse provocando diversos cambios en la célula para no
ser eliminada por el sistema inmune. Luego de 5 días la bacteria sale de la célula endotelial y va
a infectar al segundo sitio blanco que corresponde a los eritrocitos en los cuales se replicará
hasta que acabe la vida media de los glóbulos rojos y además podrá reinfectar nuevamente al
sitio primario.
Bartonella henselae es una bacteria que posee la capacidad de sobrevivir en el
período de almacenamiento del concentrado de glóbulos rojos y además resistir la temperatura a
la cual se almacenan, es decir resisten 35 días a 4°C. Por lo que es de alto riesgo tener unidades
contaminadas con este microorganismo que podrían llegar a ser transfundidas a pacientes
inmunocomprometidos en los cuales puede causar manifestaciones clínicas que llegan a ser
fatales.
Este estudio propone la comprobación de la trasmisión de esta bacteria mediante
transfusión de concentrados de glóbulos rojos y además determinar la prevalencia en donantes
de sangre que acuden al banco de sangre de la Clínica Santa María.
La pesquisa de esta bacteria se realiza mediante PCR seminested, la cual es una
técnica de biología molecular que nos entrega resultados confiables debido a su alta sensibilidad
y especificidad. En base a los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio podemos concluir que los
datos obtenidos no nos permitieron la comprobación de la transmisión de esta bacteria
mediante vía transfusional, por lo que se propone seguir realizando estudios en cuanto a la
búsqueda, detección e identificación de Bartonella henselae debido a la importancia clínica.
Bartonella henselae is a bacteria world widely spread out, it belongs to the Bartonellaceae family, it is morphologically described as Gram negative, intracellular facultative, and difficult growth, therefore it is categorized an "annoying"; the main container of this bacteria is the cat which gets infected among themselves through the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. The infectíon in a human occurs in accidental manners, either by biting or scratches from the an animal which can cause sickness by cat scratch, angiomatosis bacilar, peliosis hepatica and fever associated with bacteremia. Once the bacteria get into the blood torrent it has to white spots: the first one corresponds to the endothelial cells which act as the first receptor, in these, this microorganism is capable of duplicate itself provoking many changes in the cell so it is not removed from the immune system. After 5 days the bacteria comes out of the endothelial cell and goes to infect the second white spot which corresponds to the erythrocytes, in which it will replicate until it gets rid of half-life of the red blood cells and it could also infect the first sport once again. Bartonella henselae is a bacteria that has the capacity of surviving in the concentrated red blood cells storage period and it is also capable of resisting the temperature at which they are stored, which is 3 5 days at 4 °C. Therefore it is a high risk to have polluted units with this microorganism that could be transferred to patients who are an immune risk and so cause clinic-level symptoms that could be fatal. This paper proposes the confirmation of the transmission of this bacteria through transfusion of concentrated red blood cells and also determine the prevalence in blood donors who attend to the blood bank in the Santa Maria Clinic. The research of this bacteria takes place by semi-nested PCR, which is a molecular biology technique that provides reliable results due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Based on the results obtained in the present paper we can conclude by saying that the data attained did not give us the confírmation of the transmission of this bacteria by transfusion way, thus it is a proposal to keep on doing studies in terms of research, detection and identification of Bartonella Henselae due to its clinical importance.
Bartonella henselae is a bacteria world widely spread out, it belongs to the Bartonellaceae family, it is morphologically described as Gram negative, intracellular facultative, and difficult growth, therefore it is categorized an "annoying"; the main container of this bacteria is the cat which gets infected among themselves through the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. The infectíon in a human occurs in accidental manners, either by biting or scratches from the an animal which can cause sickness by cat scratch, angiomatosis bacilar, peliosis hepatica and fever associated with bacteremia. Once the bacteria get into the blood torrent it has to white spots: the first one corresponds to the endothelial cells which act as the first receptor, in these, this microorganism is capable of duplicate itself provoking many changes in the cell so it is not removed from the immune system. After 5 days the bacteria comes out of the endothelial cell and goes to infect the second white spot which corresponds to the erythrocytes, in which it will replicate until it gets rid of half-life of the red blood cells and it could also infect the first sport once again. Bartonella henselae is a bacteria that has the capacity of surviving in the concentrated red blood cells storage period and it is also capable of resisting the temperature at which they are stored, which is 3 5 days at 4 °C. Therefore it is a high risk to have polluted units with this microorganism that could be transferred to patients who are an immune risk and so cause clinic-level symptoms that could be fatal. This paper proposes the confirmation of the transmission of this bacteria through transfusion of concentrated red blood cells and also determine the prevalence in blood donors who attend to the blood bank in the Santa Maria Clinic. The research of this bacteria takes place by semi-nested PCR, which is a molecular biology technique that provides reliable results due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Based on the results obtained in the present paper we can conclude by saying that the data attained did not give us the confírmation of the transmission of this bacteria by transfusion way, thus it is a proposal to keep on doing studies in terms of research, detection and identification of Bartonella Henselae due to its clinical importance.
Notas
Tesis (Tecnólogo Médico con especialidad en Bioanálisis Clínico, Inmunohematología y Banco de Sangre)
Palabras clave
Transfusión Sanguínea, Efectos Adversos, Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa, Prevención y Control, Chile, Gatos, Zoonosis