Cumplimiento de la Norma de derivación al módulo de actividad física establecida por el MINSAL en el programa de salud cardiovascular en los usuarios internos del Hospital de Quilpué en el año 2014
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2015
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Objetivos: El objetivo general de esta investigación es describir el cumplimiento de la norma de derivación al módulo de Actividad Física establecida por el MINSAL en el Programa de Salud Cardiovascular en los usuarios internos del Hospital de Quilpué en el año 2014. Entre sus objetivos específicos, además de describir la condición de salud de los trabajadores respecto a la prevalencia de factores de riesgo, el reconocimiento de su padecimiento, riesgo cardiovascular y postura con respecto al ejercicio físico, se otorga especial énfasis al cumplimiento de la prescripción/educación del ejercicio físico, debido a que ésta es la medida terapéutica fundamental en el control de los factores de riesgo y, por ende, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular. Metodología y resultados: Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva con un diseño no experimental - transversal. De acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la población corresponde a 83 trabajadores del Hospital de Quilpué, a partir de la cual se obtuvo una muestra de 58 sujetos, los cuáles fueron seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Por medio de los datos obtenidos del Examen de Medicina Preventiva (EMP), se calculó el Riesgo Cardiovascular (RCV) de los sujetos (ATP III) y posteriormente para verificar el cumplimiento de la norma de derivación, se aplicó una encuesta validada por 5 profesionales de la salud.
La muestra está constituida en su mayoría por mujeres; correspondiente a un 74% del total de sujetos, en donde un 55% se desempeña profesionalmente en la práctica clínica y el 45% restante a labores administrativas. La edad promedio para ambos sexos fue de 46,60 (±10,24), con un IMC promedio de 26,86 (± 3,85), correspondiente a sobrepeso. La prevalencias de los factores de riesgos fueron altas; obesidad abdominal (43,10%), hipertensión arterial (HTA) (18,96%), diabetes (3,44%), dislipidemia (55,17%), tabaquismo (31,03%) y sedentarismo (77,58% ) y, el reconocimiento de éstos fue bajo, tanto para la obesidad abdominal (36%), la HTA (27%) y dislipidemia (78%). La prevalencia del RCV bajo/moderado, alto y máximo, fueron de 78%, 19% y 3% respectivamente, siendo el RCV alto y máximo mayor en hombres, y su adecuado reconocimiento fue sólo de un 51,72%, con respecto al total de sujetos. Además, la prescripción de ejercicio físico fue realizada sólo en un 43% de los sujetos, y un 57,7% de los sujetos con RCV bajo/moderado no recibió educación de sus beneficios, un 72,72% de los con RCV alto y el 100% de los con RCV máximo. Finalmente, la encuesta evidenció que de la totalidad de sujetos, ninguno fue derivado a centros comunitarios/de salud a realizar ejercicio físico de acuerdo a su RCV. Conclusión: Esta investigación dejó en evidencia que los usuarios internos del hospital de Quilpué no son derivados al módulo de actividad física de acuerdo a lo establecido por el MINSAL en el Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, ya sea por la inexistencia del módulo educativo, como por la no prescripción y ejecución de las sesiones de ejercicio físico, por lo que es necesario adoptar medidas para fomentar su cumplimiento, y así disminuir las prevalencias y controlar los factores de riesgo.
Background: The objective of this study was to describe the actual situation respect to the accomplishment of the derivation standard to the Physical Activity Module set by MINSAL in the Cardiovascular Health Program in the Quilpué's Hospital users in 2014. Between his specific objectives, besides to describe the health condition of the subjects respect to the risk factors prevalence, the knowledge of his condition, cardiovascular risk and his posture respect to physical activities, emphasis is given to the accomplishment of the prescription/education of the physical activity, because it is the fundamental therapeutic measure to control risk factors and reduce cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results: This work is a descriptive research with a transversal non-experimental design. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the population corresponds to 83 Quilpue's hospital workers, from which a sample of 58 subjects was obtained, which were randomly selected. Using the data obtained from the EMP, it was calculated the Cardiovascular Risk of the subjects (ATP III) and then to verify the accomplishment of the derivation standard, a validated survey was applied. The sample is constituted up mostly by woman (74%), where 55% works in the clinical practice, and the remaining 45% administrative tasks. The average age for both sex was 46,60 (±10,24), with an average BMI of 26,86 (± 3,85), corresponding to overweight. The prevalence of risk factors were high; abdominal obesity (43.10%), hypertension (HT) (18.96%), diabetes (3.44%), dyslipidemia (55.17%), smoking (31.03%) and sedentary (77.58 %) and, their recognition was low, whether for abdominal obesity (36%), hypertension (27%) and dyslipidemia (78%). The prevalence for low/moderate, high and maximum CVR were of 78%, 19% and 3% respectively, being high and maximum CVR higher in men, and his adequate recognition was only 51.72%, with respect to the total subjects. Furthermore, prescription of physical exercise was realized only by 43% of subjects, and 57.7% of subjects with low/moderate CVR did not receive education of his benefits, 72% of high CVR and 100% of maximum CVR subjects. Finally, the survey showed that of all subjects, none was referred to community/health centers to do physical exercise according to his RCV. Conclusion: This investigation conclude that subjects are not derived to physical activity module as establish by the MINSAL in the Cardiovascular Health Program, due to the lack of educational module, or for non prescription and execution of physical activity, so its necessary to adopt measures to promote his accomplishment, and thus reduce the prevalence and control risk factors.
Background: The objective of this study was to describe the actual situation respect to the accomplishment of the derivation standard to the Physical Activity Module set by MINSAL in the Cardiovascular Health Program in the Quilpué's Hospital users in 2014. Between his specific objectives, besides to describe the health condition of the subjects respect to the risk factors prevalence, the knowledge of his condition, cardiovascular risk and his posture respect to physical activities, emphasis is given to the accomplishment of the prescription/education of the physical activity, because it is the fundamental therapeutic measure to control risk factors and reduce cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results: This work is a descriptive research with a transversal non-experimental design. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the population corresponds to 83 Quilpue's hospital workers, from which a sample of 58 subjects was obtained, which were randomly selected. Using the data obtained from the EMP, it was calculated the Cardiovascular Risk of the subjects (ATP III) and then to verify the accomplishment of the derivation standard, a validated survey was applied. The sample is constituted up mostly by woman (74%), where 55% works in the clinical practice, and the remaining 45% administrative tasks. The average age for both sex was 46,60 (±10,24), with an average BMI of 26,86 (± 3,85), corresponding to overweight. The prevalence of risk factors were high; abdominal obesity (43.10%), hypertension (HT) (18.96%), diabetes (3.44%), dyslipidemia (55.17%), smoking (31.03%) and sedentary (77.58 %) and, their recognition was low, whether for abdominal obesity (36%), hypertension (27%) and dyslipidemia (78%). The prevalence for low/moderate, high and maximum CVR were of 78%, 19% and 3% respectively, being high and maximum CVR higher in men, and his adequate recognition was only 51.72%, with respect to the total subjects. Furthermore, prescription of physical exercise was realized only by 43% of subjects, and 57.7% of subjects with low/moderate CVR did not receive education of his benefits, 72% of high CVR and 100% of maximum CVR subjects. Finally, the survey showed that of all subjects, none was referred to community/health centers to do physical exercise according to his RCV. Conclusion: This investigation conclude that subjects are not derived to physical activity module as establish by the MINSAL in the Cardiovascular Health Program, due to the lack of educational module, or for non prescription and execution of physical activity, so its necessary to adopt measures to promote his accomplishment, and thus reduce the prevalence and control risk factors.
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Tesis (Kinesiología)
Palabras clave
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Prevención y Control, Actividad Motora