Comparación del recuento de patógenos periodontales en embarazadas tratadas con dos técnicas de terapia periodontal
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2012
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La enfermedad periodontal, es una infección crónica, de carácter inflamatorio, que
afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente, caracterizada por la presencia a nivel
subgingival de bacterias gram (-), tales como P. gingivalis, A. Actinomycetencomitans,
T. Forsythia, P. Intermedia y F Nucleatum. Estas bacterias fomentan una respuesta
inmuno-inflamatoria en el huésped, lo que conlleva a la destrucción de ligamento
periodontal, con la consecuente pérdida de inserción a las superficies radiculares,
formación de sacos periodontales, pérdida de tejido conectivo y destrucción ósea.
En la década de los 90 se comenzó a estudiar la interacción existente entre las
infecciones orales y el embarazo, obteniendo resultados que llevaron a proponer a la
enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo para partos prematuros y lactantes con
bajo peso al nacer. Esto debido a que durante el embarazo, infecciones de diversa
índole pueden alterar el normal transcurso de éste, e incluso alterar la integridad normal
del feto. Desde ahí en adelante se han desarrollado una serie de investigaciones que
confirman esta hipótesis, por lo que estudiar las variables de esta problemática,
desarrollar programas preventivos, técnicas de tratamiento y control de esta
enfermedad, se ha vuelto fundamental en los sistemas de salud mundial, sobre todo en
nuestro país, donde la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en la población chilena
es significativamente alta, por sobre el 90% en personas mayores de 35 años, según el
Análisis de situación Salud Bucal realizado por el Ministerio de Salud año 2007.
Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory nature infection that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth characterized by the presence of subgingival of gram bacteria (-). These bacteria promote an immune-inflammatory response in the host, leading to progressive destruction of periodontal structures. Since the 90s this pathological entity has been proposed as a risk factor to trigger premature births and low birth weight, this because during pregnancy, infections of various kinds can alter the normal course of this, so an adequate treatment is of great importance to decrease the likelihood of this happening. The aim of this study was to analyze, quantify and compare the reduction of total bacteria, black pigmented and the changes in clinical parameters in pregnant women before and after being treated with quadrant root planing and one stage full-mouth disinfection. This research is a cohort study, prospective longitudinal. It included a sample of 24 pregnant patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, divided into two groups according to corresponding care center, a group receiving quadrant root planing and the other one-stage full-mouth disinfection In both groups microbiological samples were obtained from tongue, cheek mucosa and periodontal pocket before the corresponding treatment and at two points after this, in a week and the following 6 weeks, evaluating intraoral clinical parameters. Once completed both therapies, it was evident the significant reductions in the number of CFU / ml of bacteria both total and black pigmented bacteria, observing significant differences in treatments only in the number of present pigmented bacteroid colonies in the tongue and cheek. Both therapies achieved significant improvements in probing depth, NIC and bleeding considering satisfactory the two treatments.
Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory nature infection that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth characterized by the presence of subgingival of gram bacteria (-). These bacteria promote an immune-inflammatory response in the host, leading to progressive destruction of periodontal structures. Since the 90s this pathological entity has been proposed as a risk factor to trigger premature births and low birth weight, this because during pregnancy, infections of various kinds can alter the normal course of this, so an adequate treatment is of great importance to decrease the likelihood of this happening. The aim of this study was to analyze, quantify and compare the reduction of total bacteria, black pigmented and the changes in clinical parameters in pregnant women before and after being treated with quadrant root planing and one stage full-mouth disinfection. This research is a cohort study, prospective longitudinal. It included a sample of 24 pregnant patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, divided into two groups according to corresponding care center, a group receiving quadrant root planing and the other one-stage full-mouth disinfection In both groups microbiological samples were obtained from tongue, cheek mucosa and periodontal pocket before the corresponding treatment and at two points after this, in a week and the following 6 weeks, evaluating intraoral clinical parameters. Once completed both therapies, it was evident the significant reductions in the number of CFU / ml of bacteria both total and black pigmented bacteria, observing significant differences in treatments only in the number of present pigmented bacteroid colonies in the tongue and cheek. Both therapies achieved significant improvements in probing depth, NIC and bleeding considering satisfactory the two treatments.
Notas
Tesis (Odontólogo)
Palabras clave
Enfermedades Periodontales, Terapia, Embarazadas