Recomendaciones para fundaciones en suelos altamente expansivos de la cuenca de Santiago
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2008
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
Este trabajo abarca aspectos concernientes a la formación, identificación y
clasificación de suelos expansivos, la cuantificación de hinchamientos que pueda
ocurrir, a la evaluación de alternativas de diseño de estructuras y a soluciones de
reparación de estructuras dañadas.
Al constatar que las zonas de mayor desarrollo urbano dentro de la cuenca de
Santiago, corresponden a áreas donde predominan los suelos finos parcialmente
saturados, con estratos de gravas, si es que existen, a una profundidad que los hace
económicamente imposible de alcanzar. Luego, se hace necesario que en los
nuevos proyectos el fenómeno de expansión de suelos sea considerado para lograr
mayor seguridad en las obras, y, optimizar las inversiones.
La recopilación y análisis de la diversa información existente, tiene como finalidad
especifica la confección de un mapa ilustrativo de zonificación preliminar de suelos
expansivos que sirva de guía rápida y fácil consulta permitiendo obtener una valiosa
información inicial para la optimización del proyecto a desarrollar.
Se entregan antecedentes generales de la región en estudio y se realiza una
descripción detallada del fenómeno de expansión en arcillas con la finalidad de
señalar claramente los principales factores que gobiernan, los criterios de
reconocimiento de suelos expansibles y los efectos que puedan causar en
estructuras cimentadas en suelos donde se presenta el problema.
En relación a la profundidad de exploración, en la mayoría de los informes
recopilados, ésta es el orden de los tres metros a cuatro metros, lo que concuerda
con los objetivos de dichos estudios y con el valor típico de la profundidad activa
para Santiago, 3 metros. De este modo, los estratos detectados con un potencial
expansivo alto son relativamente superficiales, de espesores del orden de los tres
metros. (Duran Navarro).
Se debe destacar que la idea de zonificar los suelos potencialmente expansivos en
la cuenca de Santiago, no busca señalar sectores pocos aptos para fundar
estructuras, sino trasmitir la idea de que perfectamente se puede fundar en dichas
zonas si se contemplan las medidas necesarias, permitiendo así la optimización del
proyecto al eliminar excesivos gastos de reparaciones.
This work includes aspects related to training, identification and classification of expansive soils, the quantification of swelling that might occur, the evaluation of alternative design solutions structures and repair damaged structures. By note that the largest areas of urban development in the basin of Santiago, correspond to areas where the soils predominate fine partially saturated, with layers of gravel, if any, to a depth that makes them economically impossible to achieve. Then it becomes necessary that new projects in the phenomenon of expansion of soil is considered to achieve greater safety on construction sites, and optimize investment. The collection and analysis of the various existing information, has as its purpose the establishment of a zoning map iIIustrating preliminary expansive soils to guide consultation allowing quick and easy to obtain valuable information for optimizing the initialprojecttodevelop. It was delivered general background of the region under study and perform a detailed description of the phenomenon of expansion in clay in order to indicate clearly the main factors that govern the criteria for recognition of soil and expanding the eftects that can cause structures grounded in soils where the problem is presented. In relation to the depth of exploration, in most reports collected, this is the order of three meters to four meters, which is consistent with the objectives of these studies and the values typical of the depth active for Santiago, 3 M. Thus, strata identified through an expansive high potential are relatively superficial, thickness of about three meters.(DuranNavarro). It should be noted that the idea of zoned potentially expansive soils in the watershed of Santiago, does not seek to point out a few areas suitable for founding structures, but convey the idea that one can perfectly found in these areas if necessary measures are contemplated, thus allowing optimization of the project to eliminate excessive costs of repairs.
This work includes aspects related to training, identification and classification of expansive soils, the quantification of swelling that might occur, the evaluation of alternative design solutions structures and repair damaged structures. By note that the largest areas of urban development in the basin of Santiago, correspond to areas where the soils predominate fine partially saturated, with layers of gravel, if any, to a depth that makes them economically impossible to achieve. Then it becomes necessary that new projects in the phenomenon of expansion of soil is considered to achieve greater safety on construction sites, and optimize investment. The collection and analysis of the various existing information, has as its purpose the establishment of a zoning map iIIustrating preliminary expansive soils to guide consultation allowing quick and easy to obtain valuable information for optimizing the initialprojecttodevelop. It was delivered general background of the region under study and perform a detailed description of the phenomenon of expansion in clay in order to indicate clearly the main factors that govern the criteria for recognition of soil and expanding the eftects that can cause structures grounded in soils where the problem is presented. In relation to the depth of exploration, in most reports collected, this is the order of three meters to four meters, which is consistent with the objectives of these studies and the values typical of the depth active for Santiago, 3 M. Thus, strata identified through an expansive high potential are relatively superficial, thickness of about three meters.(DuranNavarro). It should be noted that the idea of zoned potentially expansive soils in the watershed of Santiago, does not seek to point out a few areas suitable for founding structures, but convey the idea that one can perfectly found in these areas if necessary measures are contemplated, thus allowing optimization of the project to eliminate excessive costs of repairs.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Suelos -- Construcción -- Chile -- Santiago.