Creación de pauta y protocolo de evaluación clínica fonoaudiológica de la deglución en niños de 0 a 1 año
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Fecha
2017
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En la actualidad los protocolos y pautas del área de deglución pediátrica relacionadas con los rangos etarios de 0 a 12 meses de edad no son de fácil acceso público en la literatura. Es por esto que se hace necesaria la creación de un instrumento que esté disponible para los profesionales fonoaudiólogos, que nos entregue las guías y contenidos esenciales para la evaluación y posterior tratamiento en presencia de alteraciones de la alimentación.
Crear y validar una pauta y protocolo de evaluación de la deglución en niños de 0 a 1 año a partir del juicio de expertos.
La muestra de esta investigación constó con la participación de expertos fonoaudiólogos de Chile con al menos 3 años de carrera ejercida en el área de deglución infantil y/o postgrado de esta área en particular. El procedimiento constó de tres rondas de preguntas a través del método Delphi. Las primeras dos se realizaron vía e-mail con una carta de presentación a los expertos. Junto a esto, un cuestionario realizado en un formulario en línea y adjunto a este las imágenes de la pauta para asegurar que los expertos vieran y contestaran cada ítem con claridad. La pauta fue evaluada por los expertos en las dos primeras rondas y luego de cada una de estas se realizaron las modificaciones pertinentes en la pauta. La tercera ronda y final se efectuó de manera presencial, con la participación de dos expertos, en esta se realizó una ronda de preguntas y posterior a esto se efectuaron las modificaciones finales a la pauta creada.
Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran que es posible la creación de una pauta y protocolo de evaluación clínica de la deglución en niños de 0 a 1 año y su validación a partir del juicio de expertos, sin embargo, es necesario realizar la aplicación de esta pauta en usuarios o una
segunda parte de la investigación para validarla en distintas poblaciones, con el fin de determinar si se cumple o no con el propósito.
Conclusiones: Crear esta pauta no permitió unificar el significado de algunos parámetros, ni llegar al consenso de las variables a utilizar, pero sí pretendió sugerir el uso de los contenidos y criterios que se encuentran en esta, además de definir y guiar al profesional con la creación de un protocolo. El grupo de estudio estima significativo continuar con la investigación de la creación de una pauta de evaluación, para esto se sugiere realizar más investigaciones acerca de la homogenización de conceptos, definir los diagnósticos fonoaudiológicos en el área de la deglución actualizados, agregar puntuación a la pauta, y finalmente aplicarla para conocer su validez y confiabilidad a partir de muestras.
Introduction: Nowadays, there is scarce literature about pediatric swallowing assessment protocols and guides for patients in the 0 – 1 year age range. This is why it is necessary to create an instrument available to speech therapists that can give guidelines and essential contents for evaluation and treatment for feeding disorders. Objective: To create and validate a swallowing assessment guide and protocol in children between 0 to 1 year old by expert’s judgement. Methodology: The sample of this research consisted of the participation of speech therapy experts from Chile with at least 3 years of career experience in the area of pediatric swallowing and / or postgraduate courses in this particular area. The procedure consisted of three rounds of questions. The first two surveys were sent via e-mail with a cover letter. The surveys were made in Google Forms. Along with the e-mail, the created guide was attached so that experts can see it and answer each item clearly. The guide was evaluated by the experts in the first two rounds. After each round, relevant modifications were made to the guide. The third round was carried out in-person, with the participation of two experts. In this round there were questions about controversial topics and contents of the guide. After this, the final modifications to the created guide were made. Results: The results obtained in this study show that it is possible to create and validate a swallowing assessment guide and protocol in children between 0 to 1 year old by expert’s judgement. However, it is necessary to administer the guide to a sample to determine if it fulfills its purpose. Conclusions: Creating this guide does not allow to unify the meaning of some parameters, nor to reach consensus on the variables to be used. However, it does suggest the use of the criteria and contents found in this guide. Moreover, the protocol aides the professional in the assessment. The group that carried out this study considers that it is important to continue with this research, to do more investigation about the homogenization of concepts, to study updated diagnoses in the swallowing field, to add scores to the guide, and finally to administer it on a sample in order to know its validity and reliability.
Introduction: Nowadays, there is scarce literature about pediatric swallowing assessment protocols and guides for patients in the 0 – 1 year age range. This is why it is necessary to create an instrument available to speech therapists that can give guidelines and essential contents for evaluation and treatment for feeding disorders. Objective: To create and validate a swallowing assessment guide and protocol in children between 0 to 1 year old by expert’s judgement. Methodology: The sample of this research consisted of the participation of speech therapy experts from Chile with at least 3 years of career experience in the area of pediatric swallowing and / or postgraduate courses in this particular area. The procedure consisted of three rounds of questions. The first two surveys were sent via e-mail with a cover letter. The surveys were made in Google Forms. Along with the e-mail, the created guide was attached so that experts can see it and answer each item clearly. The guide was evaluated by the experts in the first two rounds. After each round, relevant modifications were made to the guide. The third round was carried out in-person, with the participation of two experts. In this round there were questions about controversial topics and contents of the guide. After this, the final modifications to the created guide were made. Results: The results obtained in this study show that it is possible to create and validate a swallowing assessment guide and protocol in children between 0 to 1 year old by expert’s judgement. However, it is necessary to administer the guide to a sample to determine if it fulfills its purpose. Conclusions: Creating this guide does not allow to unify the meaning of some parameters, nor to reach consensus on the variables to be used. However, it does suggest the use of the criteria and contents found in this guide. Moreover, the protocol aides the professional in the assessment. The group that carried out this study considers that it is important to continue with this research, to do more investigation about the homogenization of concepts, to study updated diagnoses in the swallowing field, to add scores to the guide, and finally to administer it on a sample in order to know its validity and reliability.
Notas
Tesis (Fonoaudiólogo)
Palabras clave
Protocolos Clínicos, Deglución