Modelo energético de calefacción de la etapa I de la Universidad Andrés Bello y propuesta de soluciones para disminuir consumo de energía de calefacción
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El concepto de Eficiencia Energética en viviendas es cada día más familiar, permitiendo entender
y enfrentar las problemáticas existentes en el diseño y construcción, de manera más eficiente en el
aspecto técnico y con una mayor efectividad en los costos asociados. La eficiencia energética nos
permite obtener condiciones de confort térmico con el mínimo de consumo, lo que finalmente se
traduce en bienestar, salud y optimización de recursos económicos, y mejoras en el diseño y
construcción de edificios o viviendas.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es caracterizar el consumo de energía en el edificio etapa I de
la Universidad Nacional Andres Bello y, a partir de ello, identificar donde enfocar medidas
implementables para generar un mayor ahorro de energía y confort térmico en el lugar.
Los cálculos de esta demanda de energía se efectuaron de forma manual mediante ecuaciones de
diferentes componentes a evaluar, y mediante modelación en el software Revit, con lo que se logra
identificar que la mayor perdida energética del edificio es por concepto de ventilación y, en menor
medida, por los elementos de la envolvente térmica, principalmente por muro cortina (ventanas).
Se proponen distintas opciones de soluciones de reacondicionamiento térmico, comparando las
mejoras en eficiencia energética y costos asociados a ellas, para determinar cuál es el más factible
a implementar. Por los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, se plantea una solución conjunta que
combina dos sistemas pasivos sustentables, muro Trombe y el sistema de aislación exterior (EIFS),
que se complementan con ventilación mecanizada con intercambiador de calor. Con esta solución
se logra reducir la demanda de calefacción del edificio en un 49%, la que corresponde a 130[kW],
recuperando la inversión en 8,5 años y reduciendo los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en un
35%.
The concept of Energy Efficiency in homes is becoming more familiar every day, allowing to understand and face the existing problems in design and construction, more efficiently in the technical aspect and with greater effectiveness in the associated costs. Energy efficiency allows us to obtain thermal comfort conditions with the minimum consumption, which ultimately translates into well-being, health and optimization of economic resources, and improvements in the design and construction of buildings or homes. The main objective of this work is to characterize the energy consumption in the stage I building of the Andres Bello National University and, from this, identify where to focus on implementable measures to generate greater energy savings and thermal comfort in the place. The calculations of this energy demand were made manually by means of equations of different components to be evaluated, and by modeling in the Revit software, with which it was possible to identify that the greatest energy loss in the building is due to ventilation and, to a lesser extent, measured by the elements of the thermal envelope, mainly by curtain wall (windows). Different options of thermal reconditioning solutions are proposed, comparing the improvements in energy efficiency and associated costs, to determine which is the most feasible to implement. Based on the results obtained in the study, a joint solution is proposed that combines two sustainable passive systems, the Trombe wall and the external insulation system (EIFS), which are complemented by mechanized ventilation with a heat exchanger. With this solution, it is possible to reduce the building's heating demand by 49%, which corresponds to 130 [kW], recovering the investment in 8.5 years and reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) by 35%.
The concept of Energy Efficiency in homes is becoming more familiar every day, allowing to understand and face the existing problems in design and construction, more efficiently in the technical aspect and with greater effectiveness in the associated costs. Energy efficiency allows us to obtain thermal comfort conditions with the minimum consumption, which ultimately translates into well-being, health and optimization of economic resources, and improvements in the design and construction of buildings or homes. The main objective of this work is to characterize the energy consumption in the stage I building of the Andres Bello National University and, from this, identify where to focus on implementable measures to generate greater energy savings and thermal comfort in the place. The calculations of this energy demand were made manually by means of equations of different components to be evaluated, and by modeling in the Revit software, with which it was possible to identify that the greatest energy loss in the building is due to ventilation and, to a lesser extent, measured by the elements of the thermal envelope, mainly by curtain wall (windows). Different options of thermal reconditioning solutions are proposed, comparing the improvements in energy efficiency and associated costs, to determine which is the most feasible to implement. Based on the results obtained in the study, a joint solution is proposed that combines two sustainable passive systems, the Trombe wall and the external insulation system (EIFS), which are complemented by mechanized ventilation with a heat exchanger. With this solution, it is possible to reduce the building's heating demand by 49%, which corresponds to 130 [kW], recovering the investment in 8.5 years and reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) by 35%.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Eficiencia Energética, Universidades, Conservación de la Energía, Calefacción y Ventilación