Identificación geológica de los materiales de construcción de los sitios arqueológicos Guatacondo y Ramaditas y su relación con los depósitos de abanicos aluviales adyacentes a la quebrada Guatacondo, región de Tarapacá, Chile
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Fecha
2021
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Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los sitios arqueológicos Ramaditas y Guatacondo I han sido estudiados ampliamente a lo largo de los años debido a su importancia cultural por su tradición arquitectónica, sin embargo, no se cuenta con una clara concepción respecto a las características geológicas de sus materiales constructivos, se desconoce el lugar de procedencia de la materia prima de estos y si existe una relación composicional entre los materiales de ambos asentamientos. Por esta razón, se busca comprender petrograficamente estos materiales, en conjunto con las propiedades físicas y químicas que presentan.
Para tener un mejor alcance interpretativo de los análisis a realizar, es necesario abordar la problemática mediante recursos de otras disciplinas como lo es la Arqueología, así las implicancias obtenidas a partir de este trabajo tendrían una mayor contribución al estudio que se realiza actualmente en ambos sitios. Por esto en el siguiente estudio se presentan diversos análisis geológicos de los materiales de construcción de una serie de recintos seleccionados de ambos asentamientos. Se utilizó la descripción bajo lupa binocular, métodos de tamizaje y pipeta con el fin de verificar la relación composicional que pueda existir entre los materiales de ambos sitios y corroborar que las características físicas y químicas del material constructivo utilizado son similares a las características de los depósitos sedimentarios de carácter aluvial que se encuentran adyacentes al sector.
En base a los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, se logró relacionar parcialmente las muestras obtenidas de los recintos y los sedimentos de la quebrada por su carácter composicional más que por sus propiedades granulométricas. Esto debido a que no se encontró mayor variación en los componentes entre los sitios y los sedimentos de la quebrada, con excepción de contenido en restos vegetales, los cuales se encuentran en mayor proporción en el sitio arqueológico Ramaditas, y en las muestras de sedimento no logran superar el 1% de composición. Cabe destacar la alta variabilidad granulométrica de los sitios con los sedimentos de la quebrada Guatacondo, por lo que a simple vista no es evidente una relación directa entre ambos. Debido a lo anterior, es posible que los materiales de construcción hayan sido manipulados antes de ser utilizados, recomendándose a futuro realizar más estudios para resolver estas incógnitas.
The archaeological sites Ramaditas and Guatacondo I have been widely studied over the years due to their cultural importance for their architectural tradition. However, there is no clear conception regarding the geological characteristics of their building materials, the source of their raw materials, and if there is a compositional relationship between the materials of both settlements. The purpose is to understand these materials petrographically and to analyze the physical and chemical properties they present. In order to have a better interpretative scope of the analyses that will be carried out, it is necessary to approach the problem by means of resources from other disciplines such as archaeology, so that the implications obtained from this work would have a greater contribution to the study that is currently being carried out at both sites. For this reason, the following study presents geological analyses of the construction materials of a series of selected enclosures from both settlements. Description under binocular microscope, sieving and pipette methods were used in order to verify the compositional relationship that may exist between the materials of both sites and to corroborate that the physical and chemical characteristics of the building material used are similar to the characteristics of the sedimentary deposits of alluvial character that are near the sites. Based on the results obtained in this research, it is possible to partially relate the samples obtained from the enclosures and the sediments of the ravine more by their compositional characteristics than by their granulometric properties. This is because there is no major variation found in the components between the sites and the ravine sediments except for their vegetal remains contents, which are found in greater proportion in the archaeological site Ramaditas, and in the sediment samples they do not exceed 1% of composition. It is worth noting the high granulometric variability of the sites with the sediments of the Guatacondo stream, so at first glance it is not evident a direct relationship between the two. Due to the above, it is possible that the construction materials may have been manipulated before being used, and it is recommended that further studies be carried out in the future to resolve these questions.
The archaeological sites Ramaditas and Guatacondo I have been widely studied over the years due to their cultural importance for their architectural tradition. However, there is no clear conception regarding the geological characteristics of their building materials, the source of their raw materials, and if there is a compositional relationship between the materials of both settlements. The purpose is to understand these materials petrographically and to analyze the physical and chemical properties they present. In order to have a better interpretative scope of the analyses that will be carried out, it is necessary to approach the problem by means of resources from other disciplines such as archaeology, so that the implications obtained from this work would have a greater contribution to the study that is currently being carried out at both sites. For this reason, the following study presents geological analyses of the construction materials of a series of selected enclosures from both settlements. Description under binocular microscope, sieving and pipette methods were used in order to verify the compositional relationship that may exist between the materials of both sites and to corroborate that the physical and chemical characteristics of the building material used are similar to the characteristics of the sedimentary deposits of alluvial character that are near the sites. Based on the results obtained in this research, it is possible to partially relate the samples obtained from the enclosures and the sediments of the ravine more by their compositional characteristics than by their granulometric properties. This is because there is no major variation found in the components between the sites and the ravine sediments except for their vegetal remains contents, which are found in greater proportion in the archaeological site Ramaditas, and in the sediment samples they do not exceed 1% of composition. It is worth noting the high granulometric variability of the sites with the sediments of the Guatacondo stream, so at first glance it is not evident a direct relationship between the two. Due to the above, it is possible that the construction materials may have been manipulated before being used, and it is recommended that further studies be carried out in the future to resolve these questions.
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Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Corteza Terrestre, Geomorfología, Compuestos Orgánicos, Análisis Comparado, Propiedades físicas de materias primas, Chile