¿Cómo sobreviven los talentos singulares en el sistema educativo chileno a pesar de una carencia en las políticas educativas vigentes?
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Fecha
2008
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Chile ha sido un país que en los últimos treinta años ha focalizado la educación como una prioridad para los planes de desarrollo del país. Las décadas de los 70 y 80 fueron marcadas por la meta de lograr ampliar la cobertura del sistema educativo, con un acento menor en la calidad, pero no inexistente, prueba de ello es el SIMCE, como sistema de monitoreo de la calidad de la educación. La década de los 90 y estos ocho años iniciales del cambio de siglo han pretendido poner un mayor énfasis en la calidad y la equidad de la educación, ambos conceptos están estrechamente ligados al tema de nuestra tesis, "Cómo sobreviven los talentos singulares en el sistema educativo", ya que por una parte una educación que no apunta a la calidad difícilmente va a poder dar cuenta de los alumnos y alumnas talentosos (as) y por otra el concepto de equidad, entendido como la posibilidad de que cada alumno reciba lo que necesita, es un aspecto clave a la hora de definir una política de atención de alumnos talentosos, pues pone de relieve que tanto ellos como aquellos infra dotados requieren de una atención diferenciada.
Pese a lo antes expuesto, de la revisión bibliográfica, del análisis de las normativas legales vigentes y la experiencia en las escuelas del país se deduce que nuestro sistema educativo no se ha hecho cargo de las demandas de este grupo particular de la población escolar como lo son los alumnos con talentos singulares, no se aprecia una política pública que defina la forma y los medios a través de los cuales estos alumnos reciban la atención adecuada y la satisfacción de sus necesidades de desarrollo en los ámbitos donde han logrado sobresalir.
Existen algunas iniciativas particularmente provenientes del mundo universitario que han buscado contribuir a la atención de los alumnos talentosos, sin embargo la cobertura que estas iniciativas llegan a alcanzar es mínima respecto de la demanda.
En el sector público se observan líneas de trabajo que podrían servir como un primer camino de acercamiento a estos grupos de alumnos con talentos singulares, nos referimos por ejemplo a las actividades que se desarrollan desde Explora, La Red Enlaces u organizaciones como las de las olimpiadas de matemática, física y química; aunque se echa de menos en estas actividades una verdadera intencionalidad para descubrir talentos y encaminarlos en su desarrollo, tienden a ser simplemente ferias o eventos sin seguimiento al desempeño de los alumnos y su itinerario de crecimiento, intelectual, personal y social.
De todo lo anterior se desprende la necesidad imperiosa de que Chile cuente con un sistema educativo que se haga cargo de manera efectiva de la educación de los alumnos con talentos singulares, ello redundará directamente en la calidad del capital humano del país.
El aporte que esta investigación pretende hacer al campo de la educación, no es otro que abrir una discusión acerca de cómo los alumnos con talentos singulares debieran ser apoyados para explotar al máximo sus capacidades, para ello es insoslayable definir a la brevedad una política educativa que asegure a cada niño, niña y joven que posee cualidades particulares por encima del promedio la posibilidad de recibir la atención especializada que requieren, la experiencia internacional entrega algunas pistas que puede ser beneficioso considerar en el diseño de esta política.
In the last 30 years Chile has focussed its priorities on education as part of its development plans for the country itself. The 70s and 80s were marked by the desire of broaden the coverage of the educational system, giving a minor emphasis on quality; nevertheless, SIMCE is a mean to monitor the quality of the Chilean educational system. The 90s and the 8 years of this new century have wanted to put emphasis on the quality and equity of education, both concepts are closely related to our "thesis", how talented people survive in this educational system, since being a system which does not give importance to quality, it may hardly inform about talented students; and the concept of equity, understood as the possibility that every student receives what he /she needs is a key feature when defining a strategy of attention to these talented students, as it shows that not only lower but talented students need special support According to the ideas written above, the bibliographical revision, the analysis of the currently legal laws and the experience at schools, it is assumed that our educational system has not taken into account the demands of this particular group of talented students, there is not a public strategy that defines the way and means from which these students may receive an appropriate attention and the satisfaction of their growth needs in the areas where they have become outstanding. There are sorne universities that have sorne programs which try to give sorne contributions to support talented students; nevertheless, the educational coverage that these initiatives can get may be a minar contribution related to the demand. Sorne strategies can be observed from the public services that should be the first close step forward this group of students with special talents, we refer to sorne activities such as Explora, Red Enlaces and other organizations like Math, Physics and Chemistry Contests, though these activities lack óf a real intention to discover talented people and guide them in their own development, they are just fairs or events without any clase guiding role to students' work and to their intellectual, personal and social growth. From this, we can state that Chile needs an educational system that can be effectively responsible of the education of these students with special talents; if so, this will benefit directly the quality of the Chilean Human Capital. This research not only tries to make a contribution to the educational system but to discuss how students with special talents should be supported to develop their skills to the highest levels, for this, it is important to define as soon as possible an educational policy that ensures that every girl and boy who has particular qualities besides his/her grades, the possibility to get the specialized attention that they require, the international researches give sorne hints that can be used when designing a way to support our students with special talents.
In the last 30 years Chile has focussed its priorities on education as part of its development plans for the country itself. The 70s and 80s were marked by the desire of broaden the coverage of the educational system, giving a minor emphasis on quality; nevertheless, SIMCE is a mean to monitor the quality of the Chilean educational system. The 90s and the 8 years of this new century have wanted to put emphasis on the quality and equity of education, both concepts are closely related to our "thesis", how talented people survive in this educational system, since being a system which does not give importance to quality, it may hardly inform about talented students; and the concept of equity, understood as the possibility that every student receives what he /she needs is a key feature when defining a strategy of attention to these talented students, as it shows that not only lower but talented students need special support According to the ideas written above, the bibliographical revision, the analysis of the currently legal laws and the experience at schools, it is assumed that our educational system has not taken into account the demands of this particular group of talented students, there is not a public strategy that defines the way and means from which these students may receive an appropriate attention and the satisfaction of their growth needs in the areas where they have become outstanding. There are sorne universities that have sorne programs which try to give sorne contributions to support talented students; nevertheless, the educational coverage that these initiatives can get may be a minar contribution related to the demand. Sorne strategies can be observed from the public services that should be the first close step forward this group of students with special talents, we refer to sorne activities such as Explora, Red Enlaces and other organizations like Math, Physics and Chemistry Contests, though these activities lack óf a real intention to discover talented people and guide them in their own development, they are just fairs or events without any clase guiding role to students' work and to their intellectual, personal and social growth. From this, we can state that Chile needs an educational system that can be effectively responsible of the education of these students with special talents; if so, this will benefit directly the quality of the Chilean Human Capital. This research not only tries to make a contribution to the educational system but to discuss how students with special talents should be supported to develop their skills to the highest levels, for this, it is important to define as soon as possible an educational policy that ensures that every girl and boy who has particular qualities besides his/her grades, the possibility to get the specialized attention that they require, the international researches give sorne hints that can be used when designing a way to support our students with special talents.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Gestión Educacional mención Dirección de Establecimientos Educacionales)
Palabras clave
Educación de Niños Superdotados, Educación Especial, Chile, Calidad y equidad en la educación