Caracterización, Clasificación y Tratamiento de Fangos Residuales de Piscicultura Salmonidea para su Biodisponibilidad como Biomediador y Fertilizante Orgánico
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2000
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
Los -Fangos Residuales de piscicultura constituyen en la actualidad una
problemática ecológica debido a sus características tóxicas y eutroficadoras de
las aguas.
De acuerdo a la caracterización bioquímica, microbiológica y
toxicológica, se clasificó a estos fangos como Lodos Clase B según CONAMA.
Un tratamiento de tipo pasivo de estos lodos durante un período de tres
meses y su posterior caracterización de acuerdo a EPA, OMS y CONAMA,
permitió determinar que los lodos tratados son inocuos en su patogenicidad,
atóxicos y factibles de biodisponer como fertilizantes orgánicos.
En la zona de tratamiento no se observó impacto ambiental adverso.
Con estos fertilizantes orgánicos se realizó una bioremediación de
suelos quemados y semiáridos durante un período de un mes. Se cultivó en
estas tierras Zinnia, Caléndula y Alpiste, donde se obtuvo un 100% de
incremento de biomasa en las tierras quemadas bioremediadas y un aumento de
90.82% en tierras semiáridas bioremediadas.
Se concluyó que estos fertilizantes orgánicos con biodisposición segura,
obtenidos de los desechos de piscicultura salmonídea caracterizados y tratados,
conforman un nuevo subproducto no tradicional y rentable para la acuicultura
chilena.
The Residual Slush of pisciculture constitute an ecological problem at the present time due to their eutrific and toxic characteristics. According to the biochemical, microbiological and toxicological characterization, it was classified to these slush Iike Slush Class B according to CON AMA A treatment of passive type of these slush during a period of three months and their later characterization according to EPA, OMS and CON AMA, allowed to determine that the treated slush are innocuous in their patologic, atoxic and feasible of biodispose as organic fertilizers in the treatment area, there were no adverse enviromental impact observed. Semi - arid and burnt soil were bioremedial with these orgamc fertilizers, during a period of one month according to CONAMA disposition. The seeds of Zinnia, Calendula and Bird Seed were planted in this soils, obteining a 100% of increment of biomass in the burnt bioremedial lands and an increase 90.82% in semi-arid bioremediallands. We concludes that these organic fertilizers with a sure biodispose are obtained of the treaties waste of salmonídea pisciculture, and become a new non traditional and rentable by-product for the Chilean Aquaculture.
The Residual Slush of pisciculture constitute an ecological problem at the present time due to their eutrific and toxic characteristics. According to the biochemical, microbiological and toxicological characterization, it was classified to these slush Iike Slush Class B according to CON AMA A treatment of passive type of these slush during a period of three months and their later characterization according to EPA, OMS and CON AMA, allowed to determine that the treated slush are innocuous in their patologic, atoxic and feasible of biodispose as organic fertilizers in the treatment area, there were no adverse enviromental impact observed. Semi - arid and burnt soil were bioremedial with these orgamc fertilizers, during a period of one month according to CONAMA disposition. The seeds of Zinnia, Calendula and Bird Seed were planted in this soils, obteining a 100% of increment of biomass in the burnt bioremedial lands and an increase 90.82% in semi-arid bioremediallands. We concludes that these organic fertilizers with a sure biodispose are obtained of the treaties waste of salmonídea pisciculture, and become a new non traditional and rentable by-product for the Chilean Aquaculture.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero en Acuicultura)
Palabras clave
Piscicultura, Fertilizantes orgánicos