Geología y caracterización mineralógica, biológica del suelo de Viña Las Gaviotas, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
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Fecha
2017
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El ambiente geológico en el cual se desarrollan los cultivos de la vid ha tomado una significativa relevancia en las últimas décadas en la industria vitivinícola, especialmente en países de Europa y Estados Unidos. Es considerado que la mineralogía y biología de los suelos ejercen un rol determinante en la calidad del vino y que cuyo estudio es importante para el desarrollo de la industria vitivinícola en Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en describir el entorno geológico y geomorfológico donde se encuentra la viña Las Gaviotas y realizar una caracterización mineralógica y bacteriana del suelo en cual se produce un vino con diversos galardones a nivel internacional. La viña estudiada se encuentra en el valle de Leyda, en la comuna de Santo Domingo, al interior del Parque Tricao, región de Valparaíso. Esta se ubica a 4 km de la costa de Santo Domingo, sobre el bloque colgante de la falla del Rio Maipo, específicamente sobre terrazas de abrasión marina (T3; Plioceno?-Pleistoceno). El suelo analizado se subdividió en dos horizontes, en los cuales las condiciones oxidantes y contenido de materia orgánica son variable entre sí. Ambos horizontes son areno-limosos y la mineralogía, determinada mediante difracción de rayos X está compuesta principalmente por cuarzo, feldespatos, óxidos de hierro y arcillas (vermiculita, caolinita). Es característica la ocurrencia de agregados cristalinos amorfos compuestos por granos de magnetita, que se presentan con distribución espacial homogénea en los niveles inferiores. En ambos horizontes se obtuvieron 13 aislados de microorganismos evidenciado una escasa diversidad microbiana. La abundante disponibilidad de elementos en la terraza T3, y la movilidad de estos, por la capacidad de intercambio iónico de la mineralogía presente, representan un factor de primer orden en la adsorción de nutrientes (Ca, K, fosfatos) por parte de la vid, probablemente incrementando la calidad del vino elaborado.
The geological environment in which the vine grows has taken a significant importance in the last decades in the wine industry, especially in countries of Europe and the United States. It is considered that mineralogy and soil biology play a decisive role in the wine quality and thus its study is important for the development of the wine industry in Chile. The objective of this work is to describe the geological and geomorphological environment of the Las Gaviotas vineyard and to perform a mineralogical and bacterial characterization of the soil in which a wine with various international awards is produced. The vineyard studied is located in the Leyda valley, 4 kilometers to the east of coastal margin of Santo Domingo town, on the Tricao Park of the Valparaíso region. Specifically on the hanging block of the Maipo River fault, on terraces of marine abrasion (T3; Pliocene? -Pleistocene). The analyzed soil was subdivided into two horizons, in which their oxidizing conditions and content of organic matter vary with respect to the other. Both horizons are correspond to silty sand and the mineralogy, determined through X-ray diffraction methods, is composed mainly of quartz, feldspars, iron oxides and clays (vermiculite, kaolinite). It is characteristic the occurrence of amorphous crystalline aggregates with magnetite grains showing a homogeneous spatial distribution in the lower levels. In both horizons 13 microorganism isolates were obtained evidencing a low microbial diversity. The availability of elements in the T3 terrace and the mobility of these, by the ion exchange capacity of present mineralogy, play a major role in the adsorption of nutrients (Ca, K, phosphates) to the vine, probably increasing the quality of the wine elaborated.
The geological environment in which the vine grows has taken a significant importance in the last decades in the wine industry, especially in countries of Europe and the United States. It is considered that mineralogy and soil biology play a decisive role in the wine quality and thus its study is important for the development of the wine industry in Chile. The objective of this work is to describe the geological and geomorphological environment of the Las Gaviotas vineyard and to perform a mineralogical and bacterial characterization of the soil in which a wine with various international awards is produced. The vineyard studied is located in the Leyda valley, 4 kilometers to the east of coastal margin of Santo Domingo town, on the Tricao Park of the Valparaíso region. Specifically on the hanging block of the Maipo River fault, on terraces of marine abrasion (T3; Pliocene? -Pleistocene). The analyzed soil was subdivided into two horizons, in which their oxidizing conditions and content of organic matter vary with respect to the other. Both horizons are correspond to silty sand and the mineralogy, determined through X-ray diffraction methods, is composed mainly of quartz, feldspars, iron oxides and clays (vermiculite, kaolinite). It is characteristic the occurrence of amorphous crystalline aggregates with magnetite grains showing a homogeneous spatial distribution in the lower levels. In both horizons 13 microorganism isolates were obtained evidencing a low microbial diversity. The availability of elements in the T3 terrace and the mobility of these, by the ion exchange capacity of present mineralogy, play a major role in the adsorption of nutrients (Ca, K, phosphates) to the vine, probably increasing the quality of the wine elaborated.
Notas
Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Mineralogía de Suelos, Chile, Valparaíso, Viticultura