Efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en el control mecánico de la placa bacteriana
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Fecha
2015
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Antecedentes: La placa bacteriana es la principal etiología de enfermedades periodontales y caries. Estas últimas son las dos primeras causas de pérdida de dientes. Por lo que, es importante obtener la cooperación del paciente en la eliminación diaria y eficaz de la placa para el éxito de cualquier tratamiento dental y así mejorar la salud bucal a largo plazo. Justificación: Evaluar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en el control mecánico de la placa dental como una actividad de prevención y promoción en la salud oral. Es importante porque la adherencia a la instrucción de higiene tradicional es baja y el control mecánico de la placa es la forma más práctica, efectiva y confiable de lograr beneficios en la salud bucal de todos los pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en el control mecánico de la placa bacteriana y relacionarlo con factores sociodemográficos prevalentes. Materiales y métodos: Se trató de un estudio cuasi-experimental pre-post de grupo único longitudinal prospectivo y analítico. La muestra fue no probabilística intencionada y oportunista. Participaron 31 funcionarios de la Universidad Andrés Bello sede Concepción, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y consintieron informadamente participar en el estudio. Se aplicó una encuesta para evaluar hábitos de higiene oral, antecedentes odontológicos y porcentaje de placa bacteriana a través del índice de O’Leary. Las mediciones se hicieron antes y después de la aplicación de la entrevista motivacional. Previamente se realizó un test de concordancia interobservador con valores del 80%. Se correlacionaron los resultados obtenidos con factores sociodemográficos. Los datos fueron analizados con el software computacional SPSS versión 22. Se evaluó normalidad en la distribución de las variables y de acuerdo a la presencia o no de esta, se aplicó el test t Student con la finalidad de evaluar las diferencias promedio entre los índices de O´Leary pre y post intervención. Además, se realizaron tests de regresión y correlación para evaluar asociación entre variables cuantitativas.
Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los índices de O’Leary pre y post- intervención. En la primera medición, el índice de O’Leary fue en promedio 54,9% con una desviación estándar de +/- 25,118 calificado como alto. En la segunda medición, el promedio del índice de O’Leary disminuye a 35,94% calificado como medio. Al establecer relación entre la edad y sexo del encuestado y el índice de placa post- intervención, se observaron ciertas diferencias, sin embargo, estas no son estadísticamente significativas. No fue posible establecer asociación entre el nivel educacional del encuestado y su índice de O’Leary, debido a que no hubo una distribución normal de las variables.
Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la entrevista motivacional logró reducir los índices de placa en los encuestados de forma estadísticamente significativa. No fue relevante la edad o el sexo del encuestado.
Background: Plaque is the main etiology of periodontal disease and caries. The latter are the two leading causes of tooth loss. Therefore, it is important to obtain the cooperation of the patient in daily and effective plaque removal to the success of any dental treatment and improve oral health in the long term. Justification: To assess the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in the mechanical control of dental plaque as an activity of prevention and promotion of oral health. It is important because adherence to traditional hygiene education is low and mechanical plaque control is the most practical, effective and reliable way to achieve benefits in the oral health of all patients. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in the mechanical control of bacterial plaque and relate prevalent socio-demographic factors. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post single longitudinal prospective and analytical study group. The sample was not probabilistic intentional and opportunistic. It was attended by 31 officials of the University Andres Bello, Campus Concepción, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study informed manner. A survey to assess oral hygiene, dental history and percentage of plaque through the O'Leary index were applied. Previously a test for interobserver agreement with values of 80 % was performed. Measurements were made before and after application of motivational interviewing. The results were correlated with sociodemographic factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 computer software. Was applied normally distributed variables and according to the presence or not of this were evaluated with Student 's t test in order to evaluate the average difference between the indices O'Leary pre and post intervention. In addition, regression and correlation tests were conducted to evaluate association between quantitative variables. Results: Statistically significant differences when comparing rates O'Leary pre and post intervention differences were found. In the first measurement, the O'Leary index was on average 54.9 % with a standard deviation of +/- 25.118, rated as high. In the second measurement, the average rate decreased to 35.94% O'Leary, described as medium. Establishing a relationship between age and gender of those surveyed and post intervention plaque index, some differences were found, however, these were not statistically significant. It was not possible to establish an association between the educational level of the surveyed and O'Leary index results because there was no normal distribution of variables. Conclusion: The results show that motivational interview managed to, statistically significantly, reduce the plaque index of those surveyed. Their age and gender were not relevant.
Background: Plaque is the main etiology of periodontal disease and caries. The latter are the two leading causes of tooth loss. Therefore, it is important to obtain the cooperation of the patient in daily and effective plaque removal to the success of any dental treatment and improve oral health in the long term. Justification: To assess the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in the mechanical control of dental plaque as an activity of prevention and promotion of oral health. It is important because adherence to traditional hygiene education is low and mechanical plaque control is the most practical, effective and reliable way to achieve benefits in the oral health of all patients. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in the mechanical control of bacterial plaque and relate prevalent socio-demographic factors. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post single longitudinal prospective and analytical study group. The sample was not probabilistic intentional and opportunistic. It was attended by 31 officials of the University Andres Bello, Campus Concepción, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study informed manner. A survey to assess oral hygiene, dental history and percentage of plaque through the O'Leary index were applied. Previously a test for interobserver agreement with values of 80 % was performed. Measurements were made before and after application of motivational interviewing. The results were correlated with sociodemographic factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 computer software. Was applied normally distributed variables and according to the presence or not of this were evaluated with Student 's t test in order to evaluate the average difference between the indices O'Leary pre and post intervention. In addition, regression and correlation tests were conducted to evaluate association between quantitative variables. Results: Statistically significant differences when comparing rates O'Leary pre and post intervention differences were found. In the first measurement, the O'Leary index was on average 54.9 % with a standard deviation of +/- 25.118, rated as high. In the second measurement, the average rate decreased to 35.94% O'Leary, described as medium. Establishing a relationship between age and gender of those surveyed and post intervention plaque index, some differences were found, however, these were not statistically significant. It was not possible to establish an association between the educational level of the surveyed and O'Leary index results because there was no normal distribution of variables. Conclusion: The results show that motivational interview managed to, statistically significantly, reduce the plaque index of those surveyed. Their age and gender were not relevant.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)
Palabras clave
Placa Dental, Prevención y Control, Higiene Oral, Chile, Región del Bío Bío, Comuna de Concepción