Diseño de un protocolo de evaluación vestibular tipo screening para niños
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Archivos
Fecha
2013
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El “Protocolo de Evaluación Vestibular tipo Screening para Niños” es un instrumento diseñado para evaluar de manera confiable la función vestibular en niños que cursen enseñanza básica. Este protocolo surge tras la necesidad de contar con instrumentos que sean de rápida y fácil aplicación, accesibles en la práctica clínica, poco invasivos para los niños y que permitan una primera aproximación al diagnóstico.
El protocolo se constituyó mediante la selección de un conjunto de pruebas previamente descritas, las que actualmente se utilizan en la evaluación diagnóstica, por lo que son válidas y confiables. Sin embargo, estas pruebas se seleccionaron de acuerdo al proceso madurativo y a la edad del niño, además de ser elegidas por ser simples en aplicación y de corta duración. Para fines de estudio, las pruebas se clasificaron en cuatro ítems; Ítem I: Pares Craneanos, Ítem II: Equilibrio, Ítem III: Cerebelo e Ítem IV: Nistagmo.
El instrumento diseñado tiene dentro de sus objetivos ser un protocolo de evaluación tipo screening, por lo que considera un método de consignación simple de presencia/ausencia, lo cual permite una aplicación rápida y sencilla del protocolo, además de una clasificación simple de los resultados, permitiendo de esta manera, una primera orientación diagnóstica.
Para un adecuado manejo del protocolo de evaluación vestibular tipo screening, se diseñó en forma paralela el “Manual de Aplicación”, que tiene como objetivo guiar al profesional fonoaudiólogo en la aplicación de las pruebas vestibulares y en la consignación e interpretación de los resultados, para así determinar si el niño requiere o no de una evaluación completa del sistema vestibular.
Para validar el protocolo de evaluación y su manual de aplicación, éstos fueron sometidos a un juicio de expertos en el área vestibular, donde recibieron sus sugerencias y recomendaciones en cuanto al contenido, funcionalidad y diseño del
protocolo. Esto se realizó con el fin de diseñar un protocolo factible, que evalúe el sistema vestibular de manera óptima y logre orientar posibles alteraciones vestibulares.
Finalmente, el “Protocolo de Evaluación Vestibular tipo Screening para Niños” sólo sugiere la presencia de una posible alteración del sistema vestibular, por lo que frente a la sospecha, se debe pasar a evaluación formal y exhaustiva del sistema vestibular para una posterior confirmación diagnóstica.
El diagnóstico se debe realizar con un conjunto de pruebas vestibulares, anamnesis, observación clínica y exámenes radiológicos si es necesario. Por lo tanto, este protocolo es un instrumento de uso clínico, que permite sólo una primera aproximación al diagnóstico final.
The "Screening type Protocol of Vestibular Assessment for Children" is an instrument designed to assess the vestibular function in elementary school children, in a reliable way. This protocol comes after the need for tools that are fast and easy to apply, accessible in clinical practices, minimally invasive for children, and that give a first approach to the final diagnosis. This protocol is based on a series of previously described tests, which are currently used in diagnostic evaluation and, therefore, valid and reliable. However, these tests were selected according to the maturing process and age of the child, as well as being chosen for their simple and short application. For purposes of study, tests were classified into four items, Item I: Cranial nerves, Item II: Balance, Item III: Cerebellum, and Item IV: Nystagmus. The instrument designed has, among others, the objective of being a screening assessment protocol, in which it considers a simple method for recording the presence / absence, which allows the quickly and easy implementation of the protocol and a simple classification of the results, thereby giving a first diagnostic approach. For the proper application of the screening type protocol of vestibular assessment, an “Application Manual” was designed to guide the professional speech therapist in the implementation of the vestibular tests and the provision and interpretation of the results, in order to determine whether the child requires a full assessment of the vestibular system or not. To validate the assessment protocol and application manual, they were subjected to the opinion of an expert in the vestibular area, where he made suggestions and recommendations as to the content, functionality, and design of the protocol. All this was done in order to design a feasible protocol, created to evaluate the vestibular system in an optimal manner and to orientate in the best possible way all potential vestibular disturbances. To conclude, the "Screening Type Protocol of Vestibular Assessment for Children" only suggests a possible alteration of the vestibular system, so in face of the suspicion of it and for further diagnostic confirmation, the child has to be subjected to a more comprehensive and formal evaluation of the vestibular system. The diagnosis has to be made with a set of vestibular testing, anamnesis, clinical observation, and radiological examinations if necessary. Therefore, this protocol is a tool for clinical use that allows only a first approximation to the final diagnosis.
The "Screening type Protocol of Vestibular Assessment for Children" is an instrument designed to assess the vestibular function in elementary school children, in a reliable way. This protocol comes after the need for tools that are fast and easy to apply, accessible in clinical practices, minimally invasive for children, and that give a first approach to the final diagnosis. This protocol is based on a series of previously described tests, which are currently used in diagnostic evaluation and, therefore, valid and reliable. However, these tests were selected according to the maturing process and age of the child, as well as being chosen for their simple and short application. For purposes of study, tests were classified into four items, Item I: Cranial nerves, Item II: Balance, Item III: Cerebellum, and Item IV: Nystagmus. The instrument designed has, among others, the objective of being a screening assessment protocol, in which it considers a simple method for recording the presence / absence, which allows the quickly and easy implementation of the protocol and a simple classification of the results, thereby giving a first diagnostic approach. For the proper application of the screening type protocol of vestibular assessment, an “Application Manual” was designed to guide the professional speech therapist in the implementation of the vestibular tests and the provision and interpretation of the results, in order to determine whether the child requires a full assessment of the vestibular system or not. To validate the assessment protocol and application manual, they were subjected to the opinion of an expert in the vestibular area, where he made suggestions and recommendations as to the content, functionality, and design of the protocol. All this was done in order to design a feasible protocol, created to evaluate the vestibular system in an optimal manner and to orientate in the best possible way all potential vestibular disturbances. To conclude, the "Screening Type Protocol of Vestibular Assessment for Children" only suggests a possible alteration of the vestibular system, so in face of the suspicion of it and for further diagnostic confirmation, the child has to be subjected to a more comprehensive and formal evaluation of the vestibular system. The diagnosis has to be made with a set of vestibular testing, anamnesis, clinical observation, and radiological examinations if necessary. Therefore, this protocol is a tool for clinical use that allows only a first approximation to the final diagnosis.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Audiología)
Palabras clave
Audición Pruebas, Trastornos de la Audición, Niños