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Ítem Who cares for the carer? Codesigning a carer health and wellbeing clinic for older care partners of older people in Australia(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-12) Layton, Natasha; Lalor, Aislinn; Slatyer, Susan; Lee, Den‐Ching A.; Bryant M. A., Christina; Watson, Moira; Khushu, Anjali; Burton, Elissa; Oliveira R. N., Déborah; Brusco P. T., Natasha L.; Jacinto M. D., Alessandro; Tiller, Elizabeth; Hill, Keith D.Older carers or ‘care partners’ of older people experiencing care needs often provide essential support, at times while neglecting their own health and well-being. This is an increasingly frequent scenario due to both demographic changes and policy shifts towards ageing in place. Multiple community stakeholders within the care and support ecosystem hold valuable expertise about the needs of older care partners, and the programme and policy responses that may better support their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to identify the perspectives of stakeholders obtained through the codesign phase of a multicomponent research project investigating new models of care and support for older care partners suitable for the Australian context. Methods: Principles of codesign were used to engage a purposeful sample of older care partners, health professionals, researchers, policy makers and health service administrators. Participants took part in a series of three codesign workshops conducted remotely via video conferencing. The workshops were supported with briefing material and generated consensus-based summaries, arriving at a preferred service model. Findings: This paper reports the research design and structure of the codesign panels, the range of findings identified as important to support the health and well-being of older carers of older people, and the resulting service model principles. The codesigned and preferred model of care is currently being prepared for implementation and evaluation in Australia. Public Contribution: This study was conducted using codesign methodology, whereby stakeholders including older care partners and others involved in supporting older carers, were integrally involved with design, development, results and conclusions.Ítem Methodological update of integrative reviews: an emphasis on the quality of the results(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2022-06-05) Valencia Contrera, Miguel AndrezTo date, there are numerous proposals of methodologies that guide secondary research of the integrative review type, which have made great contributions and have served as a basis for other methodological proposals. This article proposes a methodological emphasis on the quality of integrative reviews, which, in the opinion of the present author, are the ones that should be followed to achieve an integral review with excellent quality; to facilitate its learning, a mnemonic “Integra” has been generated: (I) Idea or study problem; (N) Question or aim; (T) Search tactics; (E) Execution or use of the search; (G) Degree and quality control of the results; (R) Filtered results; and finally, (A) Analysis and discussion. The proposed resource serves as a methodological tool for a critical and congruent synthesis of the literature, in a novel and related way, showing evidence of reflection or critical thinking; without detracting from the fact that an exhaustive search must be carried out as a previous step in order to identify the relevant articles published on the subject; a systematic integration of the results; and a critique of the scope, nature and quality of the literature in relation to the proposed research question. © Este es un artículo en acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de una licencia Creative Commons.Ítem Organizational learning, diversity and inclusion of sexual minorities in the healthcare workplace(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2022-06-05) Silva Sánchez, Camilo Andrés; Reynaldos Grandón, Katiuska LídiceSexual and gender minorities are exposed to discrimination in the workplace and, in particular, in healthcare organizations. The design of policies and strategies that favor the insertion of workers is a challenge for organizations and it is where organizational learning plays a relevant role to produce changes in mentality and behavior towards workers belonging to sexual minorities. The generation of organizational learning on issues of labor inclusion allows the integration of all teams within the organization, improving the work environment, productivity, profits and problem-solving capacity. The challenge is to address the changes in today’s society and the new policies that protect and protect these diverse groups of health collaborators, without forgetting that individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning. © 2022, Publicacion de la Asociacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. All rights reserved.Ítem Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and new technologies for treatment adherence in Chile(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2022-06-05) Silva Sánchez, Camilo Andrés; Reynaldos Grandón, Katiuska LídiceBased on the report of the “United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS 2019” and the low adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in risk populations in Chile since its implementation in 2019, a thought on the benefits that new technologies such as telemedicine currently have and how this influences access and adherence to therapy is presented, according to some of the current technological strategies implemented in the United States. On the other hand, Chile proposes telemedicine and telehealth guidelines, these are not aimed at improving access to therapy in risk groups. It proposed that extending telemedicine services to those who require PrEP could be beneficial in increasing adherence and access, also in decreasing HIV infections. Likewise, other countries in the region could use these innovations to get the same objective. © 2022, Publicacion de la Asociacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. All rights reserved.Ítem The power of knowledge about dementia in Latin America across health professionals working on aging(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020) Ibanez, Agustin; Flichtentrei, Daniel; Hesse, Eugenia; Dottori, Martin; Tomio, Ailin; Slachevsky, Andrea; Serrano, Cecilia M.; Gonzalez-Billaut, Christian; Custodio, Nilton; Miranda, Claudia; Bustin, Julian; Cetckovitch, Marcelo; Torrente, Fernando; Olavarria, Loreto; Leon, Tomas; Costa Beber, Barbara; Bruki, Sonia; Suemoto, Claudia K.; Nitrini, Ricardo; Miller, Bruce L.; Yokoyama, Jennifer S.Expert knowledge is critical to fight dementia in inequitable regions like Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs). However, the opinions of aging experts on public policies’ accessibility and transmission, stigma, diagnostic manuals, data-sharing platforms, and use of behavioral insights (BIs) are not well known. Methods: We investigated opinions among health professionals working on aging in LACs (N = 3365) with regression models including expertise-related information (public policies, BI), individual differences (work, age, academic degree), and location. Results: Experts specified low public policy knowledge (X2 = 41.27, P <.001), high levels of stigma (X2 = 2636.37, P <.001), almost absent BI knowledge (X2 = 56.58, P <.001), and needs for regional diagnostic manuals (X2 = 2893.63, df = 3, P <.001) and data-sharing platforms (X2 = 1267.5, df = 3, P [removed]Ítem Who cares for the carer? Codesigning a carer health and wellbeing clinic for older care partners of older people in Australia(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-12) Layton, Natasha; Lalor, Aislinn; Slatyer, Susan; Lee, Den-Ching A; Bryant, Christina; Watson, Moira; Khushu, Anjali; Burton, Elissa; Oliveira, Déborah; Brusco, Natasha L.; Jacinto, Alessandro; Tiller, Elizabeth; Hill, KeithIntroduction: Older carers or ‘care partners’ of older people experiencing care needs often provide essential support, at times while neglecting their own health and well-being. This is an increasingly frequent scenario due to both demographic changes and policy shifts towards ageing in place. Multiple community stakeholders within the care and support ecosystem hold valuable expertise about the needs of older care partners, and the programme and policy responses that may better support their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to identify the perspectives of stakeholders obtained through the codesign phase of a multicomponent research project investigating new models of care and support for older care partners suitable for the Australian context. Methods: Principles of codesign were used to engage a purposeful sample of older care partners, health professionals, researchers, policy makers and health service administrators. Participants took part in a series of three codesign workshops conducted remotely via video conferencing. The workshops were supported with briefing material and generated consensus-based summaries, arriving at a preferred service model. Findings: This paper reports the research design and structure of the codesign panels, the range of findings identified as important to support the health and well-being of older carers of older people, and the resulting service model principles. The codesigned and preferred model of care is currently being prepared for implementation and evaluation in Australia. Public Contribution: This study was conducted using codesign methodology, whereby stakeholders including older care partners and others involved in supporting older carers, were integrally involved with design, development, results and conclusions. © 2023 The Authors. Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ítem Frailty Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Prospective Analysis of Chilean Adults(MDPI, 2023-01) Diaz-Toro, Felipe; Nazar, Gabriela; Troncoso, Claudia; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana Maria; Martinez-Sanguinetti, Maria Adela; Parra-Soto, Solange; Lasserre-Laso, Nicole; Cigarroa, Igor; Mardones, Lorena; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Diaz-Martinez, Ximena; Celis-Morales, CarlosWe aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status. Associations between frailty status and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A non-linear association was investigated using penalized cubic splines fitted in the Cox models. During an 8.9 median follow-up (interquartile range of 8.6–9.0), 308 individuals died (11.5%). Lower survival rates were observed in frail individuals compared to pre-frail and robust people (log-rank < 0.001). Compared with robust individuals, frail people had a higher mortality risk (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.57 to 3.51]). Frail middle-aged individuals had a higher risk of dying independently of major risk factors. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Invisibility of social vulnerability and social rights to a comprehensive health care in Chile(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2016) Arcos, Estela; Canales, Mónica; Muñoz, Luz Angélica; Toffoletto, María Cecilia; Sánchez, Ximena; Vollrath, AntoniaRESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la magnitud de la percepción de la in-visibilidad de la vulnerabilidad social y sus consecuencias en el acceso a servicios universales y específicos del Sistema de Protección Integral de la Infancia en Chile. Método: estudio transversal en 50 díadas vulnerables, registradas en un centro de salud familiar (Región Metropolitana, Chile; 2012). Después de la firma de consentimiento informado, las madres fueran entrevistadas usando un cuestionario estructurado. Se aplicó un modelo de análisis de correspondencias. Resultados: la in-visibilidad de la vulnerabilidad social fue estimada para madres (92.0%) y hijos (86.0%), observándose un mejor acceso a los servicios universales a los infantes y específicos a las madres. Conclusión: la in-visibilidad de la vulnerabilidad limita las oportunidades de protección social a grupos desventajados. Como consecuencia, la política pública no corrige las desigualdades sociales, que merecen atención de los gestores de la salud pública chilena. DESCRIPTORES: Vulnerabilidad social. Protección social en salud. Grupos de riesgo. Inequidad en salud. Atención integral de salud.Ítem Subjective Assessments of Quality of Life Are Independently Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults Enrolled in Primary Care in Chile(MDPI, 2022-07) Moreno, Ximena; Sánchez, Hugo; Huerta, Martín; Cea, Ximena; Márquez, Carlos; Albala, CeciliaIn Chile, depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among Chilean older adults, and research that examines the factors associated with them is scarce. This study aimed to determine if subjective assessments of quality of life are associated with positive screen for depressive symptoms among older adults enrolled in primary care in Chile. The participants of the study were people aged 70 years or more enrolled in primary care centers in three Chilean cities. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to determine depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic models were used to determine the associations. Overall, 17.28% men, and 26.47% women (p = 0.003) screened positive for depression. Subjective assessments of quality of life, including self-perceived health, memory, quality of life, and pain, were associated with a positive screen for depression. Only 17.65% of men and 43.55% of women who screened positive for depressive symptoms reported a diagnosis of depression. Assessments of quality of life in health checks of older adults in primary care could contribute to narrow the diagnosis and treatment gap by improving the ability to identify those who are more likely to experience depressive symptoms. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Impact of COVID-19 on urology practice: A global perspective and snapshot analysis(MDPI, 2020-06) Gravas, Stavros; Bolton, Damien; Gomez, Reynaldo; Klotz, Laurence; Kulkarni, Sanjay; Tanguay, Simon; de la Rosette, JeanThe global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on urology practice remains unknown. Self-selected urologists worldwide completed an online survey by the Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU). A total of 2494 urologists from 76 countries responded, including 1161 (46.6%) urologists in an academic setting, 719 (28.8%) in a private practice, and 614 (24.6%) in the public sector. The largest proportion (1074 (43.1%)) were from Europe, with the remainder from East/Southeast Asia (441 (17.7%)), West/Southwest Asia (386 (15.5%)), Africa (209 (8.4%)), South America (198 (7.9%)), and North America (186 (7.5%)). An analysis of differences in responses was carried out by region and practice setting. The results reveal significant restrictions in outpatient consultation and non-emergency surgery, with nonspecific efforts towards additional precautions for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery. These restrictions were less notable in East/Southeast Asia. Urologists often bear the decision-making responsibility regarding access to elective surgery (40.3%). Restriction of both outpatient clinics and non-emergency surgery is considerable worldwide but is lower in East/Southeast Asia. Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery are common but not specific. The pandemic has had a profound impact on urology practice. There is an urgent need to provide improved guidance for this and future pandemics.Ítem Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study(MDPI, 2023-10) Carvacho, Raffaela; Carrasco, Marcela; Fernández, María Beatriz; Miranda-Castillo, ClaudiaApproximately one in five Chilean older adults has some degree of dependency. Limited evidence is available on self-perceived needs in Latin-American older people. The main aim of this study was to identify predictors of unmet needs of dependent older persons without cognitive impairment, considering personal and primary informal caregivers’ factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 77 dyads of older people with dependency and their caregivers. A survey was administered, evaluating sociodemographic characteristics, anxious and depressive symptomatology, health-related quality of life, and social support. Older people’s self-reported met and unmet needs and caregivers’ burden and self-efficacy were also assessed. To determine predictors of unmet needs, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. Most participants had mild to moderate levels of dependency. The most frequent unmet needs were “daytime activities” (33.8%), “company” (23.4%), “benefits” (23.4%), and “psychological distress” (24.7%). Older people’s higher level of dependency and anxious symptomatology were predictors of a higher number of unmet needs, with a model whose predictive value was 31%. The high prevalence of anxious symptomatology and its relationship with the presence of unmet needs highlight the importance of making older people’s psychological and social needs visible and addressing them promptly. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Association between oral health and cognitive decline in older Chileans(2023-01) Nazar, Gabriela; Díaz-Toro, Felipe; Roa, Pablo; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia; Leiva-Ordóñez, Ana María; Cigarroa, Igor; Celis-Morales, CarlosObjective: To identify the association between oral health and suspected cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile. Method: Cross-sectional study including 1826 people ≥60 years who participated in the National Health Survey of Chile, 2016-2017. Oral health was evaluated by the number of teeth, presence of caries, use of dental prostheses, self-reported oral health, and pain and/or discomfort in the oral cavity. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The association was evaluated by logistic and linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results: Compared with people without suspicion of cognitive impairment, people with suspected impairment had five fewer teeth (13.4 vs. 8.5 teeth), a much higher difference in women than in men, and a higher frequency of oral pain. Edentulism and fewer teeth were associated with a higher likelihood of suspected cognitive impairment, associations that were not maintained in adjusted models. Oral pain was associated with a higher likelihood of suspected impairment even in the most adjusted model (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09-3.63). In linear models, an increase of 2% (95%CI: 0.01-0.05) in the MMSE score was observed for each additional tooth. Conclusions: Poor oral health, particularly tooth loss and the presence of pain, was associated with cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile.Ítem Social determinants of health that influence in the incidence/prevalence of cardiovascular disease(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01-01) Flores, Arturo; Saelzer, Lisselotte; Cartagena-Ramos, DenisseIntroduction: Germany, the United States and Brazil are the countries with the highest mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Chile, they represent the leading cause of death in adults. There are structural and intermediate determinants that interfere in the incidence and prevalence of CVD. Objective: to describe the influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on the incidence and prevalence of CVD in adults. Methods: This was a systematic review. The question was elaborated according to the PICO acronym. The PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases were used. For PubMed, the search was constructed using the descriptors MeSH, Adult, Cardiovascular Disease, Social Determinants of Health. For VHL, by means of DeCS, Cardiovascular Disease, Social Determinants of Health, Adult in Spanish, English and Portuguese. For both searches, in combination with keywords and Boolean operators AND and OR. All references were imported into EndNote. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal tools. Deductive thematic analysis of the data was performed. Results: a total of 834 articles were identified and 31 included. The structural determinants identified were race, sex, socioeconomic level and educational level. The intermediate determinants identified were rurality, comorbidities, mental health factors and the presence of unhealthy habits. Conclusions: low socioeconomic and educational level were the structural DSS identified. Poor mental health and the presence of unhealthy habits were intermediate DSS that influenced the incidence and prevalence of CVD.Ítem A cross-sectional analysis of the stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes in colombia(MDPI, 2021-12) Pedrero, Victor; Manzi, Jorge; Alonso, Luz MarinaType 2 diabetes is a global epidemic, and many people feel stigmatized for having this disease. The stigma is a relevant barrier to diabetes management. However, evidence in this regard is scarce in Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the level of stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes in the Colombian population and its relationships with sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial variables and behaviors related to management of the disease (self-management behaviors). This cross-sectional study included 501 Colombian adults with type 2 diabetes. We estimated the relation between stigma and selected variables through linear regression models. Additionally, we analyzed the mediator role of psychosocial variables in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors through structural equation models. A total of 16.4% of patients showed concerning levels of stigma. The time elapsed since diagnosis (β = −0.23) and socioeconomic status (β = −0.13) were significant predictors of the level of stigma. Stigma was negatively correlated with self-efficacy (β = −0.36), self-esteem (β = −0.37), and relationship with health care provider (β = −0.46), and positively correlated with stress (β = 0.23). Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the relationships with health care providers had a mediation role in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors. These variables would be part of the mechanisms through which the perception of stigma harms self-management behaviors. The stigma of type 2 diabetes is frequent in the Colombian population and negatively associated with important aspects of disease management. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Características de documentos utilizados para estructurar las políticas internas relacionadas a las metas internacionales de seguridad de pacientes(Universidad de Concepcion, 2016-08) Villarroel, Ximena; Febré, NaldyLa gestión de riesgos de eventos adversos es un tema fundamental en las instituciones de salud, esta se inicia con la elaboración de normas, protocolos e indicadores, los cuales deben ser construidos de acuerdo a normativas internacionales. Objetivo: Describir las características del documento formal que utilizan las instituciones en nuestro país para estructurar las políticas internas relacionadas a las metas internacionales de seguridad de pacientes. Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal; siendo evaluados un total de 90 documentos de instituciones de salud pública y privada. Se recolectó la información vía on line, entrevista directa y mediante envío de correos electrónicos a los comités de calidad de las instituciones. Los criterios de selección se basaron en las 6 metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente. Fueron respetadas las normas éti cas internacionalmente definidas. Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 30 instituciones de salud. Los ítems con cumplimiento sobre 90% fueron “Nombre de la institución y Título del documento”. Por su parte “existencia de programa de supervisión “y “presencia de indicador o indicadores” representaron porcentajes de cumplimiento igual a 40%. De las instituciones evaluadas se encontró la documentación sobre “Identificación de pacientes” en el 90% (27/30). Conclusión: La presente investigación muestra la diversidad de formatos de estructuración de documentos relacionados a la seguridad de pacientes y exigidos en la acreditación de prestadores.Ítem Characterization of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in Chilean asthmatic children reveals compositional, functional, and structural differences(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-07) Ramos-Tapia, Ignacio; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska L.; Pérez-Losada, Marcos; Castro-Nallar, EduardoAround 155 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. In Chile, the prevalence of this disease in children is around 15% and has a high impact in the health system. Studies suggest that asthma is caused by multiple factors, including host genetics, antibiotic use, and the development of the airway microbiota. Here, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize the nasal and oral mucosae of 63 asthmatic and 89 healthy children (152 samples) from Santiago, Chile. We found that the nasal mucosa was dominated by a high abundance of Moraxella, Dolosigranulum, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. In turn, the oral mucosa was characterized by a high abundance of Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Gemella, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Porphyromonas. Our results showed significantly (P < 0.001) lower alpha diversity and an over-abundance of Streptococcus (P < 0.01) in nasal samples from asthmatics compared to samples from healthy subjects. Community structure, as revealed by co-occurrence networks, showed different microbial interactions in asthmatic and healthy subjects, particularly in the nasal microbiota. The networks revealed keystone genera in each body site, including Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Porphyromonas in the nasal microbiota, and Streptococcus, Granulicatella, and Veillonella in the oral microbiota. We also detected 51 functional pathways differentially abundant on the nasal mucosa of asthmatic subjects, although only 13 pathways were overrepresented in the asthmatic subjects (P < 0.05). We did not find any significant differences in microbial taxonomic (composition and structure) and functional diversity between the oral mucosa of asthmatic and healthy subjects. This study explores for the first time the relationships between the upper respiratory airways bacteriome and asthma in Chile. It demonstrates that the nasal cavity of children from Santiago harbors unique bacterial communities and identifies potential taxonomic and functional biomarkers of pediatric asthma. 2023 Ramos-Tapia, Reynaldos-Grandón, Pérez-Losada and Castro-Nallar.Ítem The experience of nursing students in their transition to professional practice: A social phenomenological approach(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2011) Ramírez, A.; Angelo, M.; González, L.The purpose of this study was to better understand the meaning of the learning experience in transitioning from nursing student to professional, and the meaning of their expectations from their learning experience upon their future professional practice. The social phenomenological approach of Alfred Schutz was adopted in interviewing ten nursing interns. Comprehensive living experience analysis identified that the student feels that they take on suffering and uncertainty in taking on responsibility due to their lack of knowledge, lack of confidence in their abilities, and feelings of solitude. However, to the degree they perceive support they gain confidence, autonomy, and integrate themselves with the team. He/she feels, however, that nurses are important for the transition. This study made it possible to understand the reasons and motives for their actions within the transition process, as well as how a particular social group in a given time and space is integrated into the world of everyday life.Ítem Contributions of E-heath in pediatric palliative care(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2022-09) Vega Vega, Paula; Reynaldos Grandón, KatiuskaIt has been shown that home care of children with special health care needs and highly complex diseases has made it possible to lower the costs associated with hospitalization and reduce the risk of mortality so that timely, safe, and continuous accompaniment of parents or caregivers is an im-portant task for health care teams. This care can be hampered by problems of communication and responsiveness to the demands for care, generating anxiety in caregivers when making decisions, a barrier that has been minimized with the incorporation of modern technologies. In this update, we present an analysis and reflection on the implementation of technology as a tool at the service of caregivers of children with special needs, based on the existing applicability in palliative care. © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved.Ítem Errors in the preparation and administration of medications: an integrative review of Latin American literature(Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2015-01) Toffoletto, María Cecilia; Canales, Juan; Moreira Arce, Daniela; Ordenes Guerra, Araxa; Vergara Rodriguez, Catalina AndreaObjective: To analyze the contents the scientific production of Latin American nurses regarding on preparation and administration of medical drugs from 2005 to 2011 using Latin American and Caribbean Center Information the Health Sciences (LILACS) y Electronics Scientific Library (SciELO) databases. Methodology: The following research was an integrative review. Data collection was performed in the month of October 2012 and according to the inclusion criteria, were selected eight articles. Results: The articles were analyzed in terms of objectives, methodological path, main results and suggestions for improvement. The analysis indicates exclusive production of Brazil, descriptive studies, conducted in hospitals and general suggestions as continuing education, error reporting and implementation of a safety culture. Conclusions: Considering that aspects emphasized by the World Health Organization (OMS) to achieve safer care are: to find causes, to propose solutions and to evaluate the impact, it is concluded that production need of knowledge that effectively improve professional practice. Looking to the system, promoting researches with analytical studies will allow effective responses according to reality. © 2015. Servicio de Publicaciones - Universidad de Murcia. All Rights Reserved.Ítem Algorithms of derivation and diagnostic confirmation of atypical cervical cytology: Challenges for updating(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2012-07) López-Alegría, F.; Estela, A.; Luis, G.; De Lorenzi, D.; Quezada, O.The National Research and Control of Cervical Cancer in Chile had contributed to the sustained decline in mortality from cervical cancer. The exfoliative cytology of the cervix has been to reduce this mortality, which is not without uncertain results. The smears classified as atypical are considered ambiguous by the presence of cellular abnormalities difficult to determine, resulting in a diagnosis of uncertain probability. The literature, both nationally and internationally, is widespread interest to unify the nomenclature cervical cytology and the support of the derivation algorithms for the clinical management of women with cytologic abnormalities cervical and cervical cancer precursor lesions. Therefore, it is relevant to perform studies the provide updated epidemiological clinical evidence, to optimize the performance of the National Program for the achievement of health objectives for the period 2011-2020.