Evaluación de efectividad del cepillo dental manual y eléctrico en niños con parálisis leve y moderada
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Fecha
2012
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los niños con parálisis cerebral tienen un nivel de higiene oral bajo debido a
sus limitaciones físicas y motoras. Adicionalmente el estado socio económico y la
escolaridad de los padres también tendría influencia. La incidencia de caries y
enfermedad periodontal de estos niños es similar a la de la población general,
aunque el tamaño de las lesiones es muy superior, debido a la escasa atención
odontológica que reciben.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de un cepillo dental
eléctrico y un cepillo dental manual en niños(as) con parálisis cerebral leve y
moderada del Colegio Diferencial Amapolas.
Este estudio fue de tipo analítico, experimental, ensayo clínico no controlado.
La muestra comprendió 28 niños(as) entre 6 y 12 años de edad con parálisis cerebral
leve y moderada. Se realizó un examen clínico tomando un registro de índice de
higiene oral simplificado inicial de los 28 niños(as) .Luego se realizo instrucción de
higiene oral con un cepillo dental manual en forma individual a cada niño, con apoyo
de un macromodelo de arcada, pastillas reveladoras de placa y un espejo. El niño
realizo su higiene oral y posteriormente a esto se le tomo un índice de higiene oral
simplificado. Se repitió esta secuencia 1 vez por semana alternando el uso del cepillo
dental (manual y eléctrico) por 4 semanas.
El análisis estadístico se realizo con ANOVA (análisis de varianza) de
Friedman, los resultados demostraron que el IHO-S inicial total de la muestra está
mayoritariamente en un nivel regular y malo. Luego de la intervención experimental
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hubo un notable cambio, más marcado con el cepillo dental eléctrico en la última
semana del estudio.
Con los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que el cepillo dental eléctrico
es más efectivo en la remoción de placa bacteriana en niños con parálisis cerebral
leve y moderada.
The children with cerebral palsy have a low level of oral hygiene due to their limited mobility and motors, also the socioeconomic status and the education of the parents has influence .The incidence of caries and periodontal disease of this children is similar of the general population although the size of the lesions is very high, due to the lack of an odontological attention. The target of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the electric toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy, this research took place in the "AMAPOLAS" differential school. This research was an analytical, experimental and non control clinical assay study. The sample included 28 children, between 6 and 12 years old (girls and boys), with mild to moderate cerebral palsy. A clinical examination was done to keep an initial register of simplified oral hygiene index of the 28 children. In the next place was made an instruction of oral hygiene, using a manual toothbrush for each child individually, it was supported by an arcade macromodel, dental disclosing tablets, and a mirror. Every child carried out their oral hygiene and after that a simplified oral hygiene index was measured. This sequence was repeated once a week alternating the use of the toothbrush (manual and electric) for 4 weeks. The statistical analysis was made with ANOVA (variance analysis) of Friedman. The results proved that the simplified oral hygiene index of the total initial of the sample was mostly in a regular - poor level. After the experimental intervention there was a remarkable change, even during the last week of the study, the use of the electronic toothbrush has an important improve in the results. With this result we conclude that the electrical toothbrush is more effective removing plaque in children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy.
The children with cerebral palsy have a low level of oral hygiene due to their limited mobility and motors, also the socioeconomic status and the education of the parents has influence .The incidence of caries and periodontal disease of this children is similar of the general population although the size of the lesions is very high, due to the lack of an odontological attention. The target of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the electric toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy, this research took place in the "AMAPOLAS" differential school. This research was an analytical, experimental and non control clinical assay study. The sample included 28 children, between 6 and 12 years old (girls and boys), with mild to moderate cerebral palsy. A clinical examination was done to keep an initial register of simplified oral hygiene index of the 28 children. In the next place was made an instruction of oral hygiene, using a manual toothbrush for each child individually, it was supported by an arcade macromodel, dental disclosing tablets, and a mirror. Every child carried out their oral hygiene and after that a simplified oral hygiene index was measured. This sequence was repeated once a week alternating the use of the toothbrush (manual and electric) for 4 weeks. The statistical analysis was made with ANOVA (variance analysis) of Friedman. The results proved that the simplified oral hygiene index of the total initial of the sample was mostly in a regular - poor level. After the experimental intervention there was a remarkable change, even during the last week of the study, the use of the electronic toothbrush has an important improve in the results. With this result we conclude that the electrical toothbrush is more effective removing plaque in children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Especialización en Cariología)
Palabras clave
Salud Bucal., Cepillos Dentales, Evaluación, Personas con Discapacidad, Higiene Bucal.