Descripción y relación del desarrollo Psicomotor y Oromotor en niños prematuros de 6 a 30 meses de edad cronológica nacidos desde mayo del 2015 a enero del 2018 en la Región de Tarapacá, Chile
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2019
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es
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Universidad Andés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Introducción: La prematurez es la principal causa de mortalidad neonatal y morbilidad neurológica a corto y largo plazo. Este problema de salud tiene un costo económico y social considerable para las familias y los gobiernos. Su frecuencia ha ido aumentando gracias al incremento de los nacimientos de prematuros moderados y tardíos. Por lo tanto, debemos estar atentos a esta población garantizando una atención oportuna, ya que están propensos a desarrollar alteraciones del desarrollo psicomotor, oromotor, discapacidad cognitiva y alteraciones comportamentales, garantizando una atención oportuna.
Objetivo: Describir y relacionar el desarrollo psicomotor y oromotor de niños prematuros de 6 a 30 meses de edad cronológica nacidos entre mayo del 2015 a enero del 2018 en el Hospital Regional de Iquique, Región de Tarapacá, Chile. Tipo de estudio: El presente estudio es de carácter descriptivo, cualitativo, correlacional, transversal y no experimental. La muestra de niños incluyó a 26 prematuros, de los cuales, 8 fueron prematuros extremos, 4 prematuros moderados y 14 prematuros tardíos. Se les aplicó la Escala de Evaluación del Desarrollo Psicomotor (EEDP) y el Protocolo de Desarrollo Oromotor a cada uno de los participantes. Resultados: La relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor tiene directa relación con las habilidades oromotoras con una significancia de un 5% con la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado, es decir, las habilidades oromotoras dependen del desarrollo psicomotor y con el mismo nivel de significancia la introducción de consistencias depende y se relaciona con las habilidades oro motoras. El 61 ,5% de la muestra presentó alteraciones del neurodesarrollo (5prematuros extremos, 1 prematuro moderado y 10 prematuros tardíos), de ellos, sólo el 25% asistía a algún centro de rehabilitación. El área más alterada fue la coordinación, en
un 30,8% de la muestra. Con respecto a la evaluación del desarrollo oromotor, no se encontraron casos de lactancia materna exclusiva, en la introducción de utensilios, la cuchara resultó inadecuada en un 39% y, en segundo lugar, la mamadera en un 31 %; según el lugar de alimentación, la silla de comer fue de preferencia en un 77%. En cuanto a la consistencia, la que presentó mayor dificultad fue el picado y entero con un 35,7% y de ellos, el 100% presentó retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor. También se encontró selectividad de un 57 ,7% de los alimentos y texturas, los hábitos orales adecuados. Referente a la erupción dentaria, se encontró tardía en un 53,8% de la muestra. Conclusión: El siguiente estudio nos muestra la importancia de crear instancias de promoción, prevención en salud y tratamientos oportunos a los prematuros en general, con un equipo de Neurorehabilitación interdisciplinar para atacar todas las aristas que pueden
verse en desmedro en ésta población.
Introduction: Prematurity is the mam cause of neonatal mortality and neurologícal morbidity in the short and long term. This health problem has a considerable economic and social cost for families and governments. Its frequency has been increasing due the increase in the births of moderate and late preterm infants. Therefore, we must be attentive to this population, which is prone to develop alterations of neurodevelopment, cognitive disability and behavioral alterations, optimizing a timely attention. Objective: To describe the psychomotor and oromotor development of premature children from 6 to 32 months of chronological age bom in the Regional Hospital of Iquique and their relationship. Type of study: The present study is descriptive, qualitative, correlational, transversal and non-experimental. The sample of children included 26 premature infants, of whom 8 extreme premature, 4 moderate premature, and 14 late premature. The Psychomotor Development Assessment Scale (EEDP) and the Oromotor Development Protocol were applied to each of the participants. Results: The relationship between psychomotor development is directly related to the oromotor skills with a 5% significance with the Chi-square test, that is, the oromotor skills depend on the psychomotor development and with the same level of significance the introduction of consistency depends and it is related to the gold motor skills. the 61 .5% of the sample presented neurodevelopmental disorders (5 extreme preterm infants, 1 moderate prematurity and 10 late pretenn infants), of which only 25% attended a Rehabilitation center. Toe most altered area was coordination, in 30.8% of the sample. Regarding the evaluation of oromotor development, there were no cases of exclusive breastfeeding, in the introduction of utensils, the spoon was inadequate in 39% and, secondly, the bottle in 31 %; according to the place of feeding, the dining chair was preferably 77%. In terms of consistency, the one that presented the greatest difficulty was the chopped and whole with 3 5. 7% and of these, 100% presented a de la y in psychomotor development. We also found selectivity of 57.7% of the food and textures, adequate oral habits. Regarding tooth eruption, it was found late in 53.8% of the sample. Conclusion: The following study shows the importance of creating instances of promotion, prevention in health and timely treatments for premature babies in general, with an interdisciplinary neurorehabilitation team to attack all the edges that may be detrimental to this population.
Introduction: Prematurity is the mam cause of neonatal mortality and neurologícal morbidity in the short and long term. This health problem has a considerable economic and social cost for families and governments. Its frequency has been increasing due the increase in the births of moderate and late preterm infants. Therefore, we must be attentive to this population, which is prone to develop alterations of neurodevelopment, cognitive disability and behavioral alterations, optimizing a timely attention. Objective: To describe the psychomotor and oromotor development of premature children from 6 to 32 months of chronological age bom in the Regional Hospital of Iquique and their relationship. Type of study: The present study is descriptive, qualitative, correlational, transversal and non-experimental. The sample of children included 26 premature infants, of whom 8 extreme premature, 4 moderate premature, and 14 late premature. The Psychomotor Development Assessment Scale (EEDP) and the Oromotor Development Protocol were applied to each of the participants. Results: The relationship between psychomotor development is directly related to the oromotor skills with a 5% significance with the Chi-square test, that is, the oromotor skills depend on the psychomotor development and with the same level of significance the introduction of consistency depends and it is related to the gold motor skills. the 61 .5% of the sample presented neurodevelopmental disorders (5 extreme preterm infants, 1 moderate prematurity and 10 late pretenn infants), of which only 25% attended a Rehabilitation center. Toe most altered area was coordination, in 30.8% of the sample. Regarding the evaluation of oromotor development, there were no cases of exclusive breastfeeding, in the introduction of utensils, the spoon was inadequate in 39% and, secondly, the bottle in 31 %; according to the place of feeding, the dining chair was preferably 77%. In terms of consistency, the one that presented the greatest difficulty was the chopped and whole with 3 5. 7% and of these, 100% presented a de la y in psychomotor development. We also found selectivity of 57.7% of the food and textures, adequate oral habits. Regarding tooth eruption, it was found late in 53.8% of the sample. Conclusion: The following study shows the importance of creating instances of promotion, prevention in health and timely treatments for premature babies in general, with an interdisciplinary neurorehabilitation team to attack all the edges that may be detrimental to this population.
Notas
Proyecto de título (Magíster en Neurorreahabilitación)
Palabras clave
Niños, Desarrollo Psicomotor, Chile, Región de Tarapacá