Caracterización y modelación hidrogeológica para el diseño de un pozo de captación de agua en el sector de Huacalemu, comuna de Portezuelo, Región del Ñuble, Chile
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Fecha
2022
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El sector de Huacalemu, ubicado en la Comuna de Portezuelo en la región de Ñuble, ha presentado
una disminución de las precipitaciones con respecto al promedio histórico (DGA, 2020), siendo
desde hace más de una década propensa a sequías recurrentes. Por lo tanto, la población rural y la
industria agropecuaria presentan un déficit hídrico para su normal funcionamiento, las cuales
utilizan principalmente las captaciones de agua subterráneas para abastecerse.
Es por eso, que Fue propone desarrollar un modelo conceptual mediante un estudio, Hidrológico
y Geofísico, reconociendo las condiciones favorables que ayuden a proyectar una nueva captación
que permita instalar un sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable rural.
Mediante la realización de un estudio SEV y la recopilación de derechos de aguas y observaciones
en terreno se estimó el nivel freático que se encuentra entre los 2 a 5 m y las unidades
hidrogeológicas que componen el acuífero, con lo cual se realizó un modelo conceptual mediante
el software ArcGIS pro-2020, donde se estimó el volumen total de agua tanto en el periodo de
estiaje como en el de más abundancia.
En base a los resultados de este estudio podemos concretar la ubicación de 3 puntos favorables
para la instalación de un pozo, siendo el punto 3 el más Optimo para dicha instalación, puesto que
mediante la ley de Darcy se estableció un caudal teórico de 1,84 L/s permitiendo abastecer las
necesidades hídricas de la comunidad.
The sector of Huacalemu, located in the Comunity of Portezuelo in the Ñuble region, presents a decrease in precipitation in comparison with the historic average (DGA, 2020), being for more than a decade susceptible to recurrent droughts. Therefore, the rural population and the agricultural industries present a water deficit for their operations, which principally uses underground waters for their supply. This Research proyect proposes the development of a conceptual model through a hydrogeological and hydrological survey, thus, recognising favorable conditions for new groundwater harvesting systems that allows the supply of potable water in rural areas. By means of a SEV study and the collection of water rights and observations in the field, the water table was estimated to be between 2 to 5 m and the hydrogeological units that make up the aquifer, with which a conceptual model was made using the ArcGIS pro software, where the total volume of water was estimated both in the dry season and in the period of greatest abundance. With all the hydrogeological and hydrological information, 3 favorable points were estimated for the installation of a well, point 3 being the most optimal for said installation, since by means of the theoretical calculation of extraction flow through Darcy's law it was the one which presents a higher flow.
The sector of Huacalemu, located in the Comunity of Portezuelo in the Ñuble region, presents a decrease in precipitation in comparison with the historic average (DGA, 2020), being for more than a decade susceptible to recurrent droughts. Therefore, the rural population and the agricultural industries present a water deficit for their operations, which principally uses underground waters for their supply. This Research proyect proposes the development of a conceptual model through a hydrogeological and hydrological survey, thus, recognising favorable conditions for new groundwater harvesting systems that allows the supply of potable water in rural areas. By means of a SEV study and the collection of water rights and observations in the field, the water table was estimated to be between 2 to 5 m and the hydrogeological units that make up the aquifer, with which a conceptual model was made using the ArcGIS pro software, where the total volume of water was estimated both in the dry season and in the period of greatest abundance. With all the hydrogeological and hydrological information, 3 favorable points were estimated for the installation of a well, point 3 being the most optimal for said installation, since by means of the theoretical calculation of extraction flow through Darcy's law it was the one which presents a higher flow.
Notas
Memoria (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Hidrogeología, Pozos, Diseño, Aguas Subterráneas, Chile, Portezuelo