Competencias del profesional en enfermería para el ejercicio de la atención primaria en salud con enfoque en salud familiar y comunitaria : revisión sistemática
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Archivos
Fecha
2021
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Introducción: Enfermería, ofrece cuidados con calidad, de forma segura y equitativa, a
través de profesionales poseedores de conocimientos, capacidades y atributos
específicos, necesarios para un desempeño humano y ético. Objetivo: Analizar las
competencias que el profesional de Enfermería posee para ejercer la atención primaria
en salud con enfoque en salud familiar y comunitaria. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó
una Revisión Sistemática. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos electrónicas US National
Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual de Salud
(BVS), la Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Web of
Science (WOS). La pregunta fue formulada mediante la estructura PICO, siendo P:
Population, I: Intervention, C: Comparison, O: Outcomes. La búsqueda por descriptores
MeSH, DeCS y operadores booleanos AND y OR, incluyendo estudios primarios, en
español, inglés y portugués, entre diciembre 2020 y marzo 2021. Se evaluó la calidad
metodológica mediante las checklist Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) y A
measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). Fue realizado análisis
descriptivo y temático de los hallazgos según la Teoría de Patricia Benner y de las
competencias de la enfermería en salud poblacional. Resultados: De un total de 250
artículos, 11 fueron incluidos (cuatro cualitativos, dos cuantitativos, dos mixtos, dos
revisiones integrativas, una revisión sistemática). Según país de origen: cuatro son de
Brasil, siete de otros países como Ghana, Portugal, Australia, Países Bajos, Reino Unido,
Finlandia, Estados Unidos. Las competencias transversales identificadas fueron:
liderazgo, comunicación, educación, profesionalismo, negociación, toma de decisiones,
resolución de problemas, racionamiento de recursos, entre otras. Conclusión: El
reconocimiento de competencias generales es notable en comparación a la referencia de
competencias específicas en APS. Se recomienda fortalecer el perfil a través del trabajo
conjunto entre asociaciones, agremiaciones y academia, integrando los niveles teóricos
de Patricia Benner, para propiciar el aprendizaje continuo durante el ejercicio profesional.
Introduction: Nursing, offers quality care, safely and equitably, through professionals possessing the knowledge, capacities, and specific attributes necessary for human and ethical performance. Objective: To analyze the competencies the professional nurse has to exercise primary health care focused on family and community health. Materials and methods: A Systematic Review was carried out. The electronic databases used: US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science (WOS). The question was formulated using the PICO structure, where P: Population, I: Intervention, C: Comparison, O: Outcomes. Searching using descriptors MeSH, DeCS and Boolean operators AND/OR, including primary studies, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, between December 2020 and March 2021. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) checklists. The descriptive and thematic analysis of the findings was based on Patricia Benner's Theory and the competencies of the population health nurse. Results: 11 articles out of 250 were included (four qualitative, two quantitative, two mixed, two integrative reviews, one systematic review). According to country of origin, four are from Brazil, seven from countries like Ghana, Portugal, Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, Finland, United States. The transversal competencies identified were: leadership, communication, education, professionalism, negotiation, decision-making, problem solving, resource rationing, among others. Conclusion: The recognition of general competencies is remarkable compared to the reference of specific competencies in PHC. It is recommended to strengthen the profile through joint work between associations, unions, and academia, integrating the theoretical levels of Patricia Benner, to promote continuous learning during professional practice.
Introduction: Nursing, offers quality care, safely and equitably, through professionals possessing the knowledge, capacities, and specific attributes necessary for human and ethical performance. Objective: To analyze the competencies the professional nurse has to exercise primary health care focused on family and community health. Materials and methods: A Systematic Review was carried out. The electronic databases used: US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science (WOS). The question was formulated using the PICO structure, where P: Population, I: Intervention, C: Comparison, O: Outcomes. Searching using descriptors MeSH, DeCS and Boolean operators AND/OR, including primary studies, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, between December 2020 and March 2021. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) checklists. The descriptive and thematic analysis of the findings was based on Patricia Benner's Theory and the competencies of the population health nurse. Results: 11 articles out of 250 were included (four qualitative, two quantitative, two mixed, two integrative reviews, one systematic review). According to country of origin, four are from Brazil, seven from countries like Ghana, Portugal, Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, Finland, United States. The transversal competencies identified were: leadership, communication, education, professionalism, negotiation, decision-making, problem solving, resource rationing, among others. Conclusion: The recognition of general competencies is remarkable compared to the reference of specific competencies in PHC. It is recommended to strengthen the profile through joint work between associations, unions, and academia, integrating the theoretical levels of Patricia Benner, to promote continuous learning during professional practice.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Gestión de Atención Primaria de Salud)
Palabras clave
Competencias Laborales, Enfermeras, Investigaciones, Servicios de Salud Comunitaria, Revisión Sistemática