Análisis de aspectos Psicosociales de Estudiantes de Odontología en sus diferentes años, según los Criterios Diagnósticos de los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (DC/TMD)
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Fecha
2015
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Resumen: Actualmente se sabe que los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM)
tiene una etiología multifactorial. Para su comprensión se a planteado un modelo
biopsicosocial en el cual alteraciones a nivel estructural y neuromuscular del
Sistema Estomatognático (SE), en conjunto con aquellas ocurridas en el ámbito
psicosocial interactúan gestando un complejo escenario etiológico. Los criterios
diagnósticos para la investigación de los trastornos temporomandibular (CDI /
TTM) han sido el protocolo más utilizado en TTM desde su publicación en 1992.
En el año 2014 se realizo una revisión de los CDI / TTM actualizando sus criterios
a “Criterios Diagnostico de los Trastornos Temporomandibulares” (CD / TTM). Los
instrumentos originales CDI / TTM del Eje II, se mostraron validos y fiables, por lo
que no se realizo ninguna modificación. Este sistema de clasificación se basa en
el modelo biopsicosocial del dolor que incluye un eje I, físico, utilizando criterios
diagnósticos fiables y fáciles de operacionalizar, y una evaluación del Eje II del
estado psicosocial y discapacidad relacionada con el dolor. Considerando por otra
parte las presiones académicas propias de la vida universitaria y que constituyen
una importante fuente de estrés en los estudiantes, es que se genero el interés por
este estudio. Método: La muestra fue de 208 estudiantes de entre 18-35 años de
la carrera de Odontología entre primero y sexto año, a los cuales se les aplico el 8
encuestas correspondientes al Eje II de los CD/TTM. Resultado: Se presento una
relación directa (P < 0,05) entre el aumento de las carga académicas y los niveles
de Depresión, Ansiedad, Angustia y Somatización. En relación al curso, la
Ansiedad fue la única condición psicológica que presento diferencias significativas
(P < 0,05). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de la carrera de odontología con mayor
carga académica medida en horas prácticas y teóricas presentan un aumento en
los niveles de Depresión, Ansiedad, Angustia y Somatización.
Summary: Today temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has a multifactorial etiology. To understand this, we have a biopsychosocial model in which structural and neuromuscular disorders Stomatognathic System level (SE), together with those that occurred in the psychosocial field interact brewing a complex etiological stage. The diagnostic for research of temporomandibular disorders ( RDC / TMD) have been the most widely used protocol in TMD since its publication in 1992. On 2014 a review of the RDC / TMD was done updating the guideline to "Diagnostic the Temporomandibular disorders "(DC / TTM). The original instruments RDC / TMD Axis II, were valid and reliable, so that no change was not performed. This classification system is based on the bio psychosocial model of pain including an axis I, physicist, using reliable and easy to operationalize standard diagnostic and an assessment of Axis II of psychosocial status and pain-related disability. Whereas, more over’s own academic pressures of college life and are a major source of stress in students, is that interest genre by this study. Method: The sample was, 208 students which ages were between 18-35 years old, and they were studying to be a dentist, they are at school between first and sixth year, answered 8 surveys corresponding to Axis II of the DC / TTM. Result: a direct relationship (P <0.05) between increased academic load and levels of depression, anxiety, distress and somatization were present. In relation to the course, Anxiety was the only psychological condition that presented significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion: The students of Odontology with more courses, measures in practical and theoretical hours show an increase in levels of depression, anxiety, distress and somatization.
Summary: Today temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has a multifactorial etiology. To understand this, we have a biopsychosocial model in which structural and neuromuscular disorders Stomatognathic System level (SE), together with those that occurred in the psychosocial field interact brewing a complex etiological stage. The diagnostic for research of temporomandibular disorders ( RDC / TMD) have been the most widely used protocol in TMD since its publication in 1992. On 2014 a review of the RDC / TMD was done updating the guideline to "Diagnostic the Temporomandibular disorders "(DC / TTM). The original instruments RDC / TMD Axis II, were valid and reliable, so that no change was not performed. This classification system is based on the bio psychosocial model of pain including an axis I, physicist, using reliable and easy to operationalize standard diagnostic and an assessment of Axis II of psychosocial status and pain-related disability. Whereas, more over’s own academic pressures of college life and are a major source of stress in students, is that interest genre by this study. Method: The sample was, 208 students which ages were between 18-35 years old, and they were studying to be a dentist, they are at school between first and sixth year, answered 8 surveys corresponding to Axis II of the DC / TTM. Result: a direct relationship (P <0.05) between increased academic load and levels of depression, anxiety, distress and somatization were present. In relation to the course, Anxiety was the only psychological condition that presented significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion: The students of Odontology with more courses, measures in practical and theoretical hours show an increase in levels of depression, anxiety, distress and somatization.
Notas
Tesis para optar a Titulo de Cirujano-Dentista
Palabras clave
Odontología; oclusión; estudiantes; Criterios Diagnósticos de los Trastornos Temporomandibulare (DC/TMD)