Propuesta de mejoramiento para la planificación, programación y control de obras de edificación en altura
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Fecha
2017
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Hoy en día la mayoría de las empresas y organizaciones se ven enfrentadas a continuos cambios y desafíos producto de la competencia, el avance tecnológico y la globalización de mercados. En orden de mantener su competitividad, dichas organizaciones se ven en la obligación de desarrollar una constante capacidad de adaptación, ya sea por medio de la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos o incorporando nuevas tecnologías. Lo antes descrito implica que las empresas deben saber cuáles herramientas nuevas les pueden ser útil con el propósito de evolucionar y así mantenerse vigentes; sin embargo, para esto será necesario que dichas herramientas sean implementadas con el fin de mejorar los procesos y sus componentes (Alarcón y Serpell, 2001).
Contextualizando lo antes descrito a la industria de la construcción, se hace natural el pensar que la constante mejora de los procesos que componen un proyecto de este tipo, puede remontarse a contextos históricos como el de la revolución industrial o la segunda guerra mundial, con hitos que han marcado no solo a la construcción, sino que a cualquier sector que busque mejorar sus procesos de producción, hitos tales como la aparición de la Carta Gantt a principios del siglo XX , o la determinación de la ruta crítica, por solo nombrar algunos.
La presente investigación estudia las principales etapas o procesos que se hacen presente en los proyectos de construcción, específicamente en aquellos que se caracterizan como “edificación en altura”. Para esto, dicha investigación reconoce como tres las partes esenciales a estudiar, estas son:
I. La planificación
II. La programación
III. El control
Debido a que para llevar a cabo la ejecución y análisis de estos procesos es necesario conocer cómo se componen, el estudiar las distintas técnicas y herramientas que se utilizan hoy en día es de vital importancia. Por lo anterior, se investigó detalladamente los distintos modelos y filosofías aplicables para planificar, programar y controlar.
A lo largo de la investigación fue posible además llevar a cabo un estudio en terreno, en el cual se visitaron proyectos de edificación en altura en los cuales además de identificar errores en los procesos antes mencionados, se tuvo la oportunidad de interactuar y conocer las distintas apreciaciones y posturas de profesionales universitarios a cargo de la ejecución de dichos proyectos. Posterior al estudio en terreno, con objeto de validar la información obtenida, se conformó un cuestionario con el propósito de que distintos profesionales de la construcción graduaran en una escala de Likert, el nivel de concordancia que tuviesen de acuerdo a los datos levantados.
En general, la investigación logró satisfacer los puntos básicos esperados, el levantamiento de datos en terreno no solo probó ser un método vigente a la hora de recolectar información, sino que además dejó ver que su efectividad y nivel de detalle es casi irremplazable.
En cuanto a la formulación de propuestas de mejora a los procesos de planificación, programación y control, se puede concluir que depende netamente de la capacidad de análisis de quienes tengan por obligación identificar donde es necesario hacerlas. La cantidad y calidad de información se presenta como otro factor relevante, la exactitud y relevancia de los problemas reconocidos deben ser cuando menos estudiados y evaluados por alguien que tenga el tiempo y los conocimientos necesarios.
In the present, most companies and organizations are faced with continuous changes and challenges as a result of competition, technological progress and the globalization of markets. In order to maintain their competitiveness, these organizations are obliged to develop a constant capacity for adaptation, either through the acquisition of new knowledge or by incorporating new technologies. The foregoing implies that companies should know what new tools may be useful for the purpose of evolving and therefore remain in force, however, it will be necessary for these tools to be implemented with the purpose of improve the processes and their components (Alarcón and Serpell, 2001). Contextualizing the aforementioned to the construction industry, it is natural to think that the constant improvement of the processes that make up such a project can be traced back to historical contexts such as the industrial revolution or the World War II, with milestones Which have marked not only the construction, but also any sector that seeks to improve its production processes, milestones such as the appearance of the Gantt Chart in the beginnings of the 21st century, or the determination of the critical path, just to name a few . The present research studies the main stages or processes that are present in the construction projects, specifically in those that are characterized as "building in height". For this, this research recognizes as three essential parts to study, these are: I. Planning. II. Programing III. Control. Duo to carry out the execution and analysis of these processes it is necessary to know how they are composed, to study the different techniques and tools that are used today is of vital importance, was investigated in detail the different models and philosophies Applicable to plan, program and control. Throughout the investigation it was also possible to carry out a field study, in which high-rise building projects were visited in which, in addition to identifying errors in the aforementioned processes, the opportunity was obtained to interact and to know the different Assessments and positions of university professionals in charge of the execution of these projects. After the on-site study, in order to validate the information obtained, a questionnaire was set up so that different construction professionals graded on a Likert scale the level of agreement that the data collected agreed. In general, the research achieves the basic points expected, the data collection in the field not only proves to be a current method when collecting information, but also shows that its effectiveness and level of detail is almost irreplaceable. As for the formulation of proposals for improvement to the planning, programming and control processes, it can be concluded that it depends clearly on the analytical capacity of those who have the obligation to identify where it is necessary to do them. The quantity and quality of information is presented as another relevant factor, the accuracy and relevance of recognized problems should be at least studied and evaluated by someone who has the necessary time and knowledge.
In the present, most companies and organizations are faced with continuous changes and challenges as a result of competition, technological progress and the globalization of markets. In order to maintain their competitiveness, these organizations are obliged to develop a constant capacity for adaptation, either through the acquisition of new knowledge or by incorporating new technologies. The foregoing implies that companies should know what new tools may be useful for the purpose of evolving and therefore remain in force, however, it will be necessary for these tools to be implemented with the purpose of improve the processes and their components (Alarcón and Serpell, 2001). Contextualizing the aforementioned to the construction industry, it is natural to think that the constant improvement of the processes that make up such a project can be traced back to historical contexts such as the industrial revolution or the World War II, with milestones Which have marked not only the construction, but also any sector that seeks to improve its production processes, milestones such as the appearance of the Gantt Chart in the beginnings of the 21st century, or the determination of the critical path, just to name a few . The present research studies the main stages or processes that are present in the construction projects, specifically in those that are characterized as "building in height". For this, this research recognizes as three essential parts to study, these are: I. Planning. II. Programing III. Control. Duo to carry out the execution and analysis of these processes it is necessary to know how they are composed, to study the different techniques and tools that are used today is of vital importance, was investigated in detail the different models and philosophies Applicable to plan, program and control. Throughout the investigation it was also possible to carry out a field study, in which high-rise building projects were visited in which, in addition to identifying errors in the aforementioned processes, the opportunity was obtained to interact and to know the different Assessments and positions of university professionals in charge of the execution of these projects. After the on-site study, in order to validate the information obtained, a questionnaire was set up so that different construction professionals graded on a Likert scale the level of agreement that the data collected agreed. In general, the research achieves the basic points expected, the data collection in the field not only proves to be a current method when collecting information, but also shows that its effectiveness and level of detail is almost irreplaceable. As for the formulation of proposals for improvement to the planning, programming and control processes, it can be concluded that it depends clearly on the analytical capacity of those who have the obligation to identify where it is necessary to do them. The quantity and quality of information is presented as another relevant factor, the accuracy and relevance of recognized problems should be at least studied and evaluated by someone who has the necessary time and knowledge.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Edificación en Altura, Planificación, Administración