Evaluación de las condiciones que determinan el desarrollo sustentable en establecimientos turísticos integrantes de la red de turismo rural (Redetur A.G.), región de Valparaíso
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2011
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
REDETUR A.G. es una red de turismo rural -apoyada principalmente por INDAP- que
opera en la Región de Valparaíso, está compuesta por 19 microempresas o establecimientos turísticos, dentro de los cuales se seleccionaron 5 para realizar la
investigación. Dichos establecimientos se emplazan en las comunas de: Putaendo,
Puchuncaví, Olmué, Quilpué y El Quisco.
La Red tiene dentro de sus principales objetivos, ser un ejemplo de turismo sustentable
para la región. Para ello, realizan una planificación anual en la que contemplan una serie de capacitaciones, además de las gestiones realizadas para el fortalecimiento de imagen corporativa.
La investigación a través de los indicadores permite evaluar las condiciones de sustentabilidad de los establecimientos turísticos de la Red de Turismo Rural:
REDETUR A.G. y así proponer medidas para su mejoramiento. Para esto, se plantearon objetivos específicos: 1) Describir la Red de Turismo Rural y las características de los establecimientos turísticos seleccionados, 2) Elaborar un conjunto de indicadores para medir las condiciones de sustentabilidad (de gestión, sociocultural, económica,
ambiental y experiencial) de los establecimientos turísticos, 3) Aplicar los indicadores
identificados al grupo seleccionado de establecimientos turísticos de la Red de Turismo
Rural y 4) Entregar recomendaciones para fortalecer la gestión turística sustentable de
los establecimientos turísticos seleccionados. Para el cumplimiento de estos objetivos, se realizaron actividades en terreno, las cuales
fueron complementadas con la información recopilada en la literatura. Se realizaron
visitas de acercamiento y entrevistas a los microempresarios, se elaboraron planillas de
información sobre cada establecimiento turístico y posteriormente se aplicaron los
indicadores a través de entrevistas en profundidad, encuestas y observación en terreno.
Es importante señalar además que los indicadores están basados en los Objetivos de
Turismo Sustentable, OMT y en los Criterios Mundiales de Turismo Sustentable de Rainforest Alliance y BID. Por otro lado, algunas de las principales recomendaciones
realizadas fueron: buscar trabajadores calificados y/o alumnos en práctica de carreras
como: turismo y hotelería, ecoturismo y turismo aventura para trabajar en los
establecimientos, mejorar los códigos de conducta para los turistas, crear o fortalecer
programas de reciclaje y reutilización de desechos, medir la satisfacción del turista,
aportar a la protección de sitios históricos y diseñar proyectos de energía renovable, los
que pueden ser ejecutados gracias a la adjudicación de fondos concursables.
Los resultados mostraron que los indicadores que lograron el mayor nivel de
cumplimento son los siguientes: porcentaje de empleados locales, porcentaje de planta
turística accesible y nivel de satisfacción del turista. En cambio, aquellos que obtuvieron
un muy bajo nivel de cumplimiento son: posesión de un plan de sustentabilidad, fomento
de productos locales y porcentaje de fuentes energía renovable.
Como conclusión principal se puede decir que las condiciones que determinan el
desarrollo sustentable se presentan en los establecimientos turísticos un tanto
conceptuales, es decir, que sólo algunas acciones llegan a concretarse bajo este
lineamiento. Si bien los microempresarios han escuchado del tema, no comprenden
mayormente lo que en la práctica requiere. En relación, al análisis especifico, los
principios son aplicados en su mayoría por el establecimiento turístico Nº 2 el que
obtuvo 69 de 100 puntos, en otras palabras, es aquel que más se acerca a la práctica de
un turismo sustentable.
REDETUR A.G. is a rural tourism network, supported mainly by INDAP-operating in the Valparaíso Region, consists of 19 projects or tourism establishments, among which 5 were selected to conduct the research. These establishments are located in the communes of: Putaendo Puchuncavi, Olmué, Quilpué and El Quisco. One of the network´s main objectives is to be a sustainable tourism example for the region. To realize this, they perform an annual plan which provides job training, as well as efforts to strengthen the corporate image. The research through the indicators to propose measures to improve the sustainability conditions of microenterprises in the Rural Tourism Network: REDETUR AG, which proposed 4 specific objectives: 1) Describe the Rural Tourism Network and the characteristics of the selected tourism establishments, 2) Develop indicators to measure the conditions of sustainability (such as management, sociocultural, economic, environmental and the experience of the tourism establishments), 3) Apply the indicators identified of the selected group of tourism establishments in the Rural Tourism Network and 4) Provide recommendations to strengthen the sustainable tourism management of selected tourism establishments. To fulfill these objectives, field activities were conducted, which were supplemented with information gathered from literature. Outreach visits were conducted and interviews with the employers, prepared sheets about each tourist establishment they acquired information of each company and then applied the indicators through profound interviews, surveys and field observations, it is also important to note that the indicators are based on the Objectives of Sustainable Tourism, OMT and the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria at the Rainforest Alliance and BID. On the other hand, some of the main recommendations realized were: to find skilled workers and / or student trainees of tourism, hotel management, ecotourism and adventure tourism to work in the establishments, improving codes of conduct for tourists, create or strengthen programs for recycling and reuse of waste, measure tourist satisfaction, contribute to the protection of historical sites and design renewable energy projects, which can be realized thanks to grant funds. The results showed that the indicators achieved the highest level of compliance are the following: percentage of local employees, percentage of accessible touristic facilities and satisfaction level of the tourists. On the other hand, those who obtained a very low level of compliance are: possession of a sustainability plan, promotion of local products and percentage of renewable energy sources. The main conclusion is that the conditions that determine sustainable development is present in microenterprises, so we can conclude that only some actions work as a finishing result under this guideline. While employers have heard of the topic, they do not fully comprehend most of what it requires during the realization. In relation, to the specific analysis, the principles are applied mainly by the No. 2, which contained 69 out of 100 points, in other words, is the closest that comes to the realization of sustainable tourism.
REDETUR A.G. is a rural tourism network, supported mainly by INDAP-operating in the Valparaíso Region, consists of 19 projects or tourism establishments, among which 5 were selected to conduct the research. These establishments are located in the communes of: Putaendo Puchuncavi, Olmué, Quilpué and El Quisco. One of the network´s main objectives is to be a sustainable tourism example for the region. To realize this, they perform an annual plan which provides job training, as well as efforts to strengthen the corporate image. The research through the indicators to propose measures to improve the sustainability conditions of microenterprises in the Rural Tourism Network: REDETUR AG, which proposed 4 specific objectives: 1) Describe the Rural Tourism Network and the characteristics of the selected tourism establishments, 2) Develop indicators to measure the conditions of sustainability (such as management, sociocultural, economic, environmental and the experience of the tourism establishments), 3) Apply the indicators identified of the selected group of tourism establishments in the Rural Tourism Network and 4) Provide recommendations to strengthen the sustainable tourism management of selected tourism establishments. To fulfill these objectives, field activities were conducted, which were supplemented with information gathered from literature. Outreach visits were conducted and interviews with the employers, prepared sheets about each tourist establishment they acquired information of each company and then applied the indicators through profound interviews, surveys and field observations, it is also important to note that the indicators are based on the Objectives of Sustainable Tourism, OMT and the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria at the Rainforest Alliance and BID. On the other hand, some of the main recommendations realized were: to find skilled workers and / or student trainees of tourism, hotel management, ecotourism and adventure tourism to work in the establishments, improving codes of conduct for tourists, create or strengthen programs for recycling and reuse of waste, measure tourist satisfaction, contribute to the protection of historical sites and design renewable energy projects, which can be realized thanks to grant funds. The results showed that the indicators achieved the highest level of compliance are the following: percentage of local employees, percentage of accessible touristic facilities and satisfaction level of the tourists. On the other hand, those who obtained a very low level of compliance are: possession of a sustainability plan, promotion of local products and percentage of renewable energy sources. The main conclusion is that the conditions that determine sustainable development is present in microenterprises, so we can conclude that only some actions work as a finishing result under this guideline. While employers have heard of the topic, they do not fully comprehend most of what it requires during the realization. In relation, to the specific analysis, the principles are applied mainly by the No. 2, which contained 69 out of 100 points, in other words, is the closest that comes to the realization of sustainable tourism.
Notas
Tesis (Administrador en Ecoturismo)
Palabras clave
Turismo Rural, Ecoturismo, Chile, Quinta Región