Estudio del mercado eléctrico chileno : operación conjunta de Central Hidroeléctrica de Embalse y Central Solar
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Fecha
2019
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En este documento, se presenta una descripción del mercado eléctrico y la situación
energética actual en Chile. El mercado eléctrico chileno se caracteriza por poseer dos
clases de mercados para las empresas generadoras: el mercado spot y el mercado de
contratos. Adicionalmente, existen dos tipos de consumidores de energía denominados
clientes regulados y clientes libres, respectivamente. Para entregar energía a los clientes
regulados, las empresas generadoras participan de un proceso de licitación para
suministro eléctrico, instancia en la cual deben postular a proporcionar energía en los
horarios establecidos por la Comisión Nacional de Energía (CNE), conocidos como
bloques de energía. Estos bloques de energía se dividen en bloques horarios y bloques
trimestrales, cuya oferta de suministro depende directamente de las necesidades de
energía estimadas por las distribuidoras.
Actualmente, el país cuenta con una matriz bastante más diversificada gracias a la
construcción de centrales hidroeléctricas, solares y eólicas. Sin embargo, estas dos
últimas fuentes de generación tienen como desventaja la intermitencia que las
caracteriza. Si bien se ha logrado una mayor diversificación de la matriz energética en
Chile, las fuentes de generación no renovables, como el carbón, gas natural y diésel,
todavía presentan una alta participación en el sistema interconectado del país (53%). Por
dicho motivo, se analizó la factibilidad económica de un proyecto que involucre la
combinación de las energías renovables hidroeléctrica de embalse y solar fotovoltaica,
de modo que, con esta operación conjunta, se garantice la generación continua de
energía durante las 24 horas del día.
A partir del análisis económico realizado, se concluye que la mezcla de energías es
posible para el caso planteado, dado que el Valor Actual Neto (VAN) y la Tasa Interna de
Retorno (TIR), tienen valores aproximados de 11.523 [MUS$] y 10%, respectivamente.
Esta mezcla de energías se debe considerar como una nueva variante que amplía las
opciones existentes para la adjudicación de un contrato de energía.
In this document, a description of the Chilean electric market and the current energetic situation in Chile, is presented. The Chilean electric market is characterized for possessing two kinds of markets for the generating companies: the spot market and the contracts market. Additionally, there are two types of energy consumers denominated regulated and free clients, respectively. To provide energy to the regulated clients, the generating companies participate in a bidding process for electrical supply, instance in which they have to apply to provide energy in the schedules established by the National Energy Commission (NEC), known as energy blocks. These energy blocks are divided in horary and quarterly blocks, respectively, and whose supply offer depends directly of the energetic needs estimated by the distributors. At present, the country has a diversified matrix due to the construction of hydroelectric, solar and wind power stations. However, these last two generation sources have as a disadvantage the intermittence that characterizes them. Even though a greater diversification of the Chilean energetic matrix has been achieved, there is still a high participation of the no renewable generation sources, such as coal, natural gas and diesel, in the country’s interconnected system (53%). For this reason, it was analyzed the economic feasibility of a project that involves the mixture of the renewable energies hydraulic and solar photovoltaic, so that with this joint operation, a continuous generation of energy during 24 hours a day, was guaranteed. From the economic analysis, it is concluded that the mixture of energies is possible for the above case, since the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), have approximated values of 11,523 [MUS$] and 10%, respectively. This energy mix must be considered as a new variant that extends the existing options for an energy contract to be awarded
In this document, a description of the Chilean electric market and the current energetic situation in Chile, is presented. The Chilean electric market is characterized for possessing two kinds of markets for the generating companies: the spot market and the contracts market. Additionally, there are two types of energy consumers denominated regulated and free clients, respectively. To provide energy to the regulated clients, the generating companies participate in a bidding process for electrical supply, instance in which they have to apply to provide energy in the schedules established by the National Energy Commission (NEC), known as energy blocks. These energy blocks are divided in horary and quarterly blocks, respectively, and whose supply offer depends directly of the energetic needs estimated by the distributors. At present, the country has a diversified matrix due to the construction of hydroelectric, solar and wind power stations. However, these last two generation sources have as a disadvantage the intermittence that characterizes them. Even though a greater diversification of the Chilean energetic matrix has been achieved, there is still a high participation of the no renewable generation sources, such as coal, natural gas and diesel, in the country’s interconnected system (53%). For this reason, it was analyzed the economic feasibility of a project that involves the mixture of the renewable energies hydraulic and solar photovoltaic, so that with this joint operation, a continuous generation of energy during 24 hours a day, was guaranteed. From the economic analysis, it is concluded that the mixture of energies is possible for the above case, since the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), have approximated values of 11,523 [MUS$] and 10%, respectively. This energy mix must be considered as a new variant that extends the existing options for an energy contract to be awarded
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Centrales Hidroeléctricas, Electricidad, Recursos Energéticos Renovables, Investigaciones, Chile