Comparación de metodologías de estimación de recursos y su efecto en planificación minera
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2018
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
La evaluación de yacimientos y la planificación minera son dos áreas muy importantes para la minería las cuales permiten conocer el futuro potencial de negocio que presenta un sector geológico. Al momento de evaluar surge la pregunta de qué método utilizar cuando se presentan diversas condiciones externas, sumando la importancia para el futuro negocio de realizar una correcta estimación debido a la relevante cantidad de financiamiento que debe tener un proyecto minero. En esta tesis se buscó comparar dos diferentes estimadores de recursos para cuantificar su resultado en el desarrollo del pit final y obtener resultados para comprender que metodología fue mejor para el caso de estudio. El caso de estudio fue un yacimiento de cobre y oro que fue explorado a través de sondajes los cuales estaban compositados a 3 metros. En el estudio realizado se verifica que usar en primera instancia una metodología de estimación tradicional como IDW resulta ser factible debido a la simplicidad y rapidez con la que se puede estimar un yacimiento a grandes rasgos sin la necesidad de realizar un análisis previo a todas las características del yacimiento. La metodología que predomina para realizar una correcta evaluación del yacimiento es K.O porque se puede conocer si los parámetros escogidos para realizar el procedimiento de estimación son correctos ya que está basado en las propiedades estadísticas de los datos, entre otra de las ventajas que posee sobre la metodología tradicional de estimación. Uno de los hechos más relevantes a simple vista de la comparación en la estimación del yacimiento fue la forma en que variaban las leyes respecto a los valores vecinos, donde la variación de leyes en K.O era más gradual que IDW que presentaba cambios más drásticos entre leyes altas y bajas. La planificación minera tiene distintos horizontes de planificación (largo, mediano y corto plazo) que son utilizados para tratar la incertidumbre del negocio minero. En este estudio se utiliza la planificación a largo plazo en donde se definen cual es el tamaño del pit, el tiempo en que va a ser explotada y en esta instancia el recurso mineral, entre otros. Los resultados provenientes de la estimación de recursos fueron utilizados para obtener un pit final para cada metodología en la que se comparó la cantidad de bloques dentro de cada pit, la cual entrego como resultado que K.O tuvo 530.000 toneladas de material más que IDW representando un 3.3% más, y la diferencia de fino resultó ser de un 8% más debido a que la mayoría del tonelaje de material era mineral. El beneficio del pit estimado por K.O fue de un 15% mayor al beneficio del pit estimado por la metodología
Evaluation of ore deposits and mine planning are two very important areas to mining industry, which allow knowing the potential profit in a geological sector. At the evaluation moment it surges the question of which method to use when several external conditions appear, adding the importance for the future profit of performing a correct estimation due to the relevant financing investment that a mining project demands. In this thesis the objective was to compare two different resources estimators in order to quantify their result by the result in the final pit calculation and get the results to understand what methodology was better for this case study. This case was a copper and gold deposit that was sampled through several drill holes that were composited 3 meters each. In the present study, it can be seen that using a methodology of traditional estimation as IDW turns out to be feasible due to the simplicity and quickness with which it is possible to estimate the deposit outline without the need to perform an analysis considering all the deposit characteristics. The methodology that prevails to realize a correct evaluation of the deposit, however, is O.K because it is possible to know if the parameters chosen to perform the procedure of estimation are correct since it is based on the statistical properties of the information, among other advantages that it possesses over the traditional methodology of estimation. One of the most relevant facts of the comparison in the deposit estimation was the change of the grades respect of the close values, where the variation of grades in O.K was more gradual than IDW, which presented more drastic changes between high and low grades. Mine planning has different horizons of planning (long, medium and short term) which are used to treat the uncertainty of the mining business. In this study the long-term planning is in use where it defines which is the size of the pit, the time in which it is going to be exploited and, in this instance, the mineral resource, between others. The results from the estimation of resources were used to obtain a final pit for every methodology in which the quantity of blocks was compared inside every pit, that delivers as result that O.K had 530.000 tons of material more than IDW representing 3.3% more, and the difference of fine copper turned out to be of 8% more due to the fact that the majority of material tonnage was mineral. The profit of the pit estimated by O.K was 15% higher than the profit of the pit estimated by the methodology IDW.
Evaluation of ore deposits and mine planning are two very important areas to mining industry, which allow knowing the potential profit in a geological sector. At the evaluation moment it surges the question of which method to use when several external conditions appear, adding the importance for the future profit of performing a correct estimation due to the relevant financing investment that a mining project demands. In this thesis the objective was to compare two different resources estimators in order to quantify their result by the result in the final pit calculation and get the results to understand what methodology was better for this case study. This case was a copper and gold deposit that was sampled through several drill holes that were composited 3 meters each. In the present study, it can be seen that using a methodology of traditional estimation as IDW turns out to be feasible due to the simplicity and quickness with which it is possible to estimate the deposit outline without the need to perform an analysis considering all the deposit characteristics. The methodology that prevails to realize a correct evaluation of the deposit, however, is O.K because it is possible to know if the parameters chosen to perform the procedure of estimation are correct since it is based on the statistical properties of the information, among other advantages that it possesses over the traditional methodology of estimation. One of the most relevant facts of the comparison in the deposit estimation was the change of the grades respect of the close values, where the variation of grades in O.K was more gradual than IDW, which presented more drastic changes between high and low grades. Mine planning has different horizons of planning (long, medium and short term) which are used to treat the uncertainty of the mining business. In this study the long-term planning is in use where it defines which is the size of the pit, the time in which it is going to be exploited and, in this instance, the mineral resource, between others. The results from the estimation of resources were used to obtain a final pit for every methodology in which the quantity of blocks was compared inside every pit, that delivers as result that O.K had 530.000 tons of material more than IDW representing 3.3% more, and the difference of fine copper turned out to be of 8% more due to the fact that the majority of material tonnage was mineral. The profit of the pit estimated by O.K was 15% higher than the profit of the pit estimated by the methodology IDW.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Planificación de la Producción, Métodos, Industria Minera, Planificación