Calprotectina fecal como método diagnóstico no invasivo en enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria (EII)
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Fecha
2024
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Título: Calprotectina fecal como método diagnóstico no invasivo en enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria (EII).
Antecedentes: Se desconoce la etiología de la enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria (EII), pero se sugiere que es el resultado de múltiples factores, tales como los genéticos, inmunológicos y ambientales. Por otro lado, esta patología no presenta síntomas o signos patognomónicos. Para su diagnóstico se emplean datos clínicos y exámenes, que presentan bajo grado de sensibilidad y especificidad, además de ser invasivos algunos de ellos.
Los biomarcadores fecales surgen como una alternativa no invasiva para evaluar la inflamación. Algunos criterios que deben cumplir son: ser fácil y rápido de realizar, reproducibles y asequibles. Dentro de esta categoría se encuentra la calprotectina fecal (CF), quien presenta propiedades bacteriostáticas y fungicidas y, sus valores plasmáticos se elevan en procesos inflamatorios y/o infecciosos. Las principales utilidades de la calprotectina fecal son diagnosticar la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, detectar la presencia de actividad inflamatoria intestinal, monitorizar la respuesta al tratamiento e identificar la curación mucosa, predecir la recidiva clínica o incluso la recurrencia postquirúrgica. Además, se utiliza para diferenciar la enfermedad orgánica de la funcional, ya que en el primer caso los niveles de CF están mucho más aumenta dos que en el segundo caso.
Hipótesis: La determinación de la calprotectina fecal es efectivo para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las enfermedades intestinal inflamatoria (EII).
Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia de la calprotectina fecal para el diagnóstico y la progresión de la enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria (EII) en comparación a los métodos tradicionales.
Métodos: Se realizará una revisión sistemática cualitativa de estudios, utilizando criterios de inclusión-exclusión para delimitar la búsqueda.
Resultados/Conclusiones: Es factible la utilización de la calprotectina fecal para diagnóstico de la enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria. Sin embargo, aún faltan realizar ensayos clínicos a gran escala, de manera de lograr valores más representativos de la población, establecer valores de corte óptimos, estandarizar los índices de actividad de la enfermedad y los índices endoscópicos, entre otros.
Title: Fecal Calprotectin as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Method for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Background: The etymology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is suggested to result from multiple factors, such as genetic, immunological, and environmental. On the other hand, this pathology does not present pathognomonic symptoms or signs. Its diagnosis relies on clinical data and tests, which have low sensitivity and specificity, and some of them are invasive. Fecal biomarkers emerge as a non-invasive alternative to assess inflammation. Some criteria they should meet are being easy and quick to perform, reproducible, and affordable. Among these, fecal calprotectin (FC) stands out. It has bacteriostatic and fungicidal properties, and its plasma levels rise in inflammatory and/or infectious processes. The main uses of fecal calprotectin are diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease, detecting the presence of intestinal inflammatory activity, monitoring the response to treatment, identifying mucosal healing, predicting clinical relapse or even postoperative recurrence. Additionally, it is used to differentiate organic from functional disease, as FC levels are much higher in the former than in the latter. Hypothesis: The determination of fecal calprotectin is effective for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives: To determine the efficacy of fecal calprotectin for the diagnosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in comparison to traditional methods. Methods: A qualitative systematic review of studies will be conducted using inclusion-exclusion criteria to delimit the search. Results/Conclusions: The use of fecal calprotectin for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is feasible. However, large-scale clinical trials are still needed to obtain more representative population values, establish optimal cut-off values, and standardize disease activity indices and endoscopic indices, among others.
Title: Fecal Calprotectin as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Method for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Background: The etymology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is suggested to result from multiple factors, such as genetic, immunological, and environmental. On the other hand, this pathology does not present pathognomonic symptoms or signs. Its diagnosis relies on clinical data and tests, which have low sensitivity and specificity, and some of them are invasive. Fecal biomarkers emerge as a non-invasive alternative to assess inflammation. Some criteria they should meet are being easy and quick to perform, reproducible, and affordable. Among these, fecal calprotectin (FC) stands out. It has bacteriostatic and fungicidal properties, and its plasma levels rise in inflammatory and/or infectious processes. The main uses of fecal calprotectin are diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease, detecting the presence of intestinal inflammatory activity, monitoring the response to treatment, identifying mucosal healing, predicting clinical relapse or even postoperative recurrence. Additionally, it is used to differentiate organic from functional disease, as FC levels are much higher in the former than in the latter. Hypothesis: The determination of fecal calprotectin is effective for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives: To determine the efficacy of fecal calprotectin for the diagnosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in comparison to traditional methods. Methods: A qualitative systematic review of studies will be conducted using inclusion-exclusion criteria to delimit the search. Results/Conclusions: The use of fecal calprotectin for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is feasible. However, large-scale clinical trials are still needed to obtain more representative population values, establish optimal cut-off values, and standardize disease activity indices and endoscopic indices, among others.
Notas
Informe Seminario de Investigación (Tecnóloga Médica)
Palabras clave
Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales, Diagnóstico, Heces, Análisis, Calprotectina Fecal, Biomarcadores.