Modelación y simulación de cargas dinámicas de viento en estructuras flexibles tipo chimenea, comparación con métodos contemporáneos de aplicación
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Date
2022
Authors
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
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Abstract
En diversos proyectos industriales es recurrente para su operación encontrar chimeneas de sección
circular, ya sea para la eliminación de gases que afecten la producción como para dispersión de diversas
sustancias generadas en los procesos de manufactura. Las cargas de viento en este tipo de estructuras se
rigen con base en la normativa NCh432.Of2010, la cual no considera los efectos de inestabilidades
aerodinámicas como el desprendimiento de torbellinos. Se debe tener en consideración que habitualmente
en software de modelación estructural, no es considerado el efecto dinámico de viento, dejándolo a criterio
del diseñador. En particular, el efecto dinámico del viento asociado al desprendimiento de torbellinos puede
generar cargas periódicas que pueden ocasionar efectos de resonancia y fatiga en estructuras flexibles
como chimeneas de sección circular. De esta manera, su aplicación en el diseño estructural de este tipo
de estructuras es no despreciable.
La presente investigación muestra el estudio de la aplicación del desprendimiento de torbellinos en
chimeneas de sección circular, mediante la simulación computacional de túnel de viento, considerando
corrientes incidentes en ambientes homologables y su comparación con métodos estáticos de aplicación
basados en Eurocódigo 1-05. Se utiliza software computacional habitual de diseño estructural para tales
efectos. Lo anterior tiene el propósito de conocer el comportamiento de este tipo de carga, además de
estimar las magnitudes, ver sus relaciones y qué tipo de chimeneas se ven más expuestas al fenómeno de
vórtices de Von Kármán. Se considera el diseño de diversas chimeneas, las cuales varían en su altura y
diámetro. Con la información obtenida, se realizan comparaciones entre la simulación del túnel de viento,
de la cual fue posible establecer una relación entre las cargas de viento cuasiestático y la carga de
desprendimiento de torbellinos, además de la aplicación estática del fenómeno de desprendimiento de
torbellinos asociado a deflexiones laterales, tensiones máximas de compresión, tracción y resultantes,
generación de presiones adicionales, situaciones de las cuales la carga generada por desprendimiento de
torbellino se obtuvo una importancia mayor a la carga de viento cuasiestático en más del 50% de las
chimeneas analizadas.
In several industrial projects it is recurrent to find circular section chimneys for their operation, either for the elimination of gases that affect production or for the dispersion of different substances generated in the manufacturing processes. Wind loads in this type of structures are based on the NCh432.Of2010 standard, which does not consider the effects of aerodynamic instabilities such as vortex detachment. It should be taken into consideration that usually in structural modeling software, the dynamic effect of wind is not considered, leaving it to the designer's criteria. In particular, the dynamic effect of wind associated with vortex shedding can generate periodic loads that can cause resonance and fatigue effects in flexible structures such as circular section chimneys. Thus, its application in the structural design of this type of structures is not negligible. The present research shows the study of the application of vortex shedding in circular section chimneys, by means of computational wind tunnel simulation, considering incident currents in homologous environments and its comparison with static application methods based on Eurocode 1- 05. Usual computational software of structural design is used for this purpose. The purpose of the above is to know the behavior of this type of load as well as to estimate the magnitudes, to see their relationships and which type of chimneys are more exposed to the Von Kármán vortex phenomenon. The design of several chimneys, which vary in height and diameter, is considered. With the information obtained, comparisons are made between the wind tunnel simulation from which it was possible to establish a relationship between the quasi-static wind loads and the vortex shedding load, in addition to the static application of the vortex shedding phenomenon associated to lateral deflections, maximum compressive, tensile and resultant stresses, generation of additional pressures, situations from which the load generated by vortex shedding was obtained a greater importance than the quasi-static wind load in more than 50% of the analyzed chimneys
In several industrial projects it is recurrent to find circular section chimneys for their operation, either for the elimination of gases that affect production or for the dispersion of different substances generated in the manufacturing processes. Wind loads in this type of structures are based on the NCh432.Of2010 standard, which does not consider the effects of aerodynamic instabilities such as vortex detachment. It should be taken into consideration that usually in structural modeling software, the dynamic effect of wind is not considered, leaving it to the designer's criteria. In particular, the dynamic effect of wind associated with vortex shedding can generate periodic loads that can cause resonance and fatigue effects in flexible structures such as circular section chimneys. Thus, its application in the structural design of this type of structures is not negligible. The present research shows the study of the application of vortex shedding in circular section chimneys, by means of computational wind tunnel simulation, considering incident currents in homologous environments and its comparison with static application methods based on Eurocode 1- 05. Usual computational software of structural design is used for this purpose. The purpose of the above is to know the behavior of this type of load as well as to estimate the magnitudes, to see their relationships and which type of chimneys are more exposed to the Von Kármán vortex phenomenon. The design of several chimneys, which vary in height and diameter, is considered. With the information obtained, comparisons are made between the wind tunnel simulation from which it was possible to establish a relationship between the quasi-static wind loads and the vortex shedding load, in addition to the static application of the vortex shedding phenomenon associated to lateral deflections, maximum compressive, tensile and resultant stresses, generation of additional pressures, situations from which the load generated by vortex shedding was obtained a greater importance than the quasi-static wind load in more than 50% of the analyzed chimneys
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Proyecto de título (Ingeniero Civil)
Keywords
Simulación por Computadores Digitales, Dinámica Estructural, Cargas Dinámicas, Cargas de Viento