Utilización de vehículo aéreo no tripulado para registro visual de causas de no cumplimiento en proyectos de edificación en etapa de obra gruesa
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Fecha
2023
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La mayoría de las investigaciones de Last Planner System® (LPS), enfocadas en encontrar
las fuentes y Causas de No Cumplimiento (CNC) provienen de medios indirectos como
encuestas de percepción (Lagos & Alarcón, 2021), por lo que las CNC que se registran se
basan en opiniones y no en hechos, provocando una incorrecta categorización y por
consecuencia, no se resuelvan.
El objetivo de esta investigación es crear un registro, mediante fotos tomadas por un vehículo
aéreo no tripulado (UAV) a proyectos de edificación en etapa de obra gruesa. Con el
propósito de mejorar la documentación de CNC, definiendo una tipología de estas, mejorar
su entendimiento y ayudar a resolverlas para evitar que se repitan en el futuro. Para ello, se
tomaron 3 casos de estudios: uno con sistema de planificación tradicional y los otros dos con
implementación parcial de LPS. Esto, se llevó a cabo mediante la toma de fotos aéreas con
UAV, con el fin de, registrar aquellos Compromisos de Trabajo (CdT) incumplidos, su CNC
y proponer una Acción Correctiva (AC) que permita resolver la CNC. Se respalda este
registro, analizando las CNC con diagrama de Ishikawa y las AC usando 5 Why 2 How
(5W2H). Esto, se documenta en una “Ficha CNC” para cada CNC detectada. La toma de
fotos se realizó 1 vez por semana para el proyecto con planificación tradicional y 2 veces por
semana para los proyectos con LPS parcial. Se crearon en total 22 Fichas CNC las cuales
fueron compartidas con los profesionales de cada proyecto, para recibir retroalimentación.
Los resultados son una metodología que da cuenta de un proceso estandarizado de cómo
llevar a cabo el vuelo de UAV, toma de fotos y posteriormente, la confección del registro de
CNC y la propuesta de Ficha CNC. Esta muestra un registro más objetivo y visual de las
CNC, del cual se incentiva un proceso de mejora continuo, al proponer una AC que, de
resolución al problema. Ambos fueron validados por encuestas en escala de Likert, de 1
(totalmente en desacuerdo) a 4 (totalmente de acuerdo), de validación en terreno y se
registraron en total 7 encuestas. La composición de la Ficha CNC y el uso a futuro del proceso
propuesto alcanzaron una puntuación de 4,0 y 3,9 respectivamente, por lo que fueron muy
bien valoradas por los profesionales de terreno
Most Last Planner System® (LPS) research, focused on finding the sources and Reasons for Non-Compliance (RNC) come from indirect means such as perception surveys (Lagos & Alarcón, 2021), therefore, registered RNC are based on opinions and not facts. This causes an incorrect categorization of RNC, and consequently, these RNC remain unsolved and they would probably happen again. The aim of this research is to create a formal registry of RNC on construction building projects during rough works for improving RNC documentation, using photos taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We performed 3 case studies: one using a traditional planning method, and two other projects using partial LPS implementation. We took aerial photos with the UAV to register unfulfilled Work Commitments (WC), their RNC and to propose a Corrective Action (CA) that would solve the RNC. This registry is supported by analyzing the RNC with an Ishikawa Diagram and using the 5 Why 2 How method (5W2H) to systematically propose a CA. This is documented in a “RNC Form” for each RNC detected. Photos were taken once a week for the project with a traditional planning method and twice a week for the projects with partial LPS implementation. 22 RNC Forms were created, which we shared with the project team professionals to receive feedback. The results are a methodology that accounts for a standardized process on how to carry out the UAV flights, photo taking and subsequently, how to document the RNC creating a RNC Form. This shows a more objective and visual record of the RNC, from which a process of continuous improvement is encouraged, by proposing a CA that solves the identified problem. The methodology and the RNC Form were validated with surveys on a Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). They were applied to 7 construction field professionals from the three projects. The composition of the RNC Form and the future use of the proposed methodology reached a score of 4.0 and 3.9 respectively; therefore, they were highly valued by the field professionals.
Most Last Planner System® (LPS) research, focused on finding the sources and Reasons for Non-Compliance (RNC) come from indirect means such as perception surveys (Lagos & Alarcón, 2021), therefore, registered RNC are based on opinions and not facts. This causes an incorrect categorization of RNC, and consequently, these RNC remain unsolved and they would probably happen again. The aim of this research is to create a formal registry of RNC on construction building projects during rough works for improving RNC documentation, using photos taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We performed 3 case studies: one using a traditional planning method, and two other projects using partial LPS implementation. We took aerial photos with the UAV to register unfulfilled Work Commitments (WC), their RNC and to propose a Corrective Action (CA) that would solve the RNC. This registry is supported by analyzing the RNC with an Ishikawa Diagram and using the 5 Why 2 How method (5W2H) to systematically propose a CA. This is documented in a “RNC Form” for each RNC detected. Photos were taken once a week for the project with a traditional planning method and twice a week for the projects with partial LPS implementation. 22 RNC Forms were created, which we shared with the project team professionals to receive feedback. The results are a methodology that accounts for a standardized process on how to carry out the UAV flights, photo taking and subsequently, how to document the RNC creating a RNC Form. This shows a more objective and visual record of the RNC, from which a process of continuous improvement is encouraged, by proposing a CA that solves the identified problem. The methodology and the RNC Form were validated with surveys on a Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). They were applied to 7 construction field professionals from the three projects. The composition of the RNC Form and the future use of the proposed methodology reached a score of 4.0 and 3.9 respectively; therefore, they were highly valued by the field professionals.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado, Edificios, Construcción, Control e Inspección, Fotografías