Guía para el mejoramiento de instalaciones eléctricas en viviendas antiguas
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Fecha
2018
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El siguiente estudio pretende dar a conocer los peligros y riesgos a los que se ven enfrentados las personas residentes en viviendas construidas de más de 25 años debido a la antigüedad y precariedad de las instalaciones eléctricas, las cuales, a causa del deterioro producto del uso, el tiempo propiamente tal o a que las exigencias son mayores a las de antaño, éstas no cumplen con su función original de proveer electricidad de manera fluida y segura. Además, se deseará fabricar un listado íntegro de aquellas faenas que componen la instalación eléctrica para posteriormente realizar un diagnóstico de todos aquellos dispositivos, que pudiesen estar en mal estado y provocando una amenaza latente de incendio o electrocución en el hogar.
El principal problema radica en que las construcciones antiguas carecen de una normativa, artefactos, conductores de energía y protecciones acorde a las necesidades actuales, en las que las solicitaciones exceden la capacidad máxima para las que fueron diseñadas. La cantidad de electrodomésticos que se utilizan en una vivienda no se comparan a las de años atrás. Varios televisores, hornos microondas, computadores, hervidores, calefactores y ventiladores representan una carga eléctrica importante, difícil de soportar para estas instalaciones. O bien, las protecciones de sobretensiones o cortocircuitos están sobredimensionadas para evitar los constantes cortes que se producen debido a la sobrecarga de uso. Esto último se puede apreciar básicamente en los mecanismos de protecciones que poseen las edificaciones anticuadas (fusibles, tapones).
La renovación de equipos e instalaciones eléctricas son un medio para luchar contra los peligros que representan las instalaciones viejas. Sin embargo, la actitud de ciertos propietarios o usuarios de edificios pueden constituir un obstáculo para la realización de trabajos por tanto indispensables.
The following study aims to publicize the dangers and risks faced by people living in homes built for 25 years due to the age and precariousness of electrical installations, which, because of the deterioration caused by the use, the As such, the demands are greater than those of yesteryear, they do not fulfill their original function of providing electricity in a fluid and safe way. In addition, you will want to make a complete listing of those tasks that make up the electrical installation to subsequently make a diagnosis of all those devices, which could be in poor condition and causing a latent threat of fire or electrocution in the home. The main problem is that the old buildings lack regulations, devices, power conductors and protections according to current needs, in which the requests exceed the maximum capacity for which they were designed. The amount of appliances used in a home does not compare to those of years ago. Several televisions, microwave ovens, computers, kettles, heaters and fans represent an important electrical load, difficult to support for these installations. Or, the protections of overvoltages or short circuits are oversized to avoid the constant cuts that occur due to the overload of use. The latter can be seen basically in the mechanisms of protections that old buildings have (fuses, plugs). The renovation of equipment and electrical installations are a means to fight against the dangers that represent the old installations. However, the attitude of certain owners or users of buildings may constitute an obstacle to the performance of works that are therefore essential.
The following study aims to publicize the dangers and risks faced by people living in homes built for 25 years due to the age and precariousness of electrical installations, which, because of the deterioration caused by the use, the As such, the demands are greater than those of yesteryear, they do not fulfill their original function of providing electricity in a fluid and safe way. In addition, you will want to make a complete listing of those tasks that make up the electrical installation to subsequently make a diagnosis of all those devices, which could be in poor condition and causing a latent threat of fire or electrocution in the home. The main problem is that the old buildings lack regulations, devices, power conductors and protections according to current needs, in which the requests exceed the maximum capacity for which they were designed. The amount of appliances used in a home does not compare to those of years ago. Several televisions, microwave ovens, computers, kettles, heaters and fans represent an important electrical load, difficult to support for these installations. Or, the protections of overvoltages or short circuits are oversized to avoid the constant cuts that occur due to the overload of use. The latter can be seen basically in the mechanisms of protections that old buildings have (fuses, plugs). The renovation of equipment and electrical installations are a means to fight against the dangers that represent the old installations. However, the attitude of certain owners or users of buildings may constitute an obstacle to the performance of works that are therefore essential.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Instalaciones Eléctricas, Viviendas, Mantenimiento y Reparación