Efectos del raleo sobre los perfiles de azúcares y ácidos orgánicos en Prunus Persica [(L.) Batsch] durante postcosecha
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2017
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
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Chile es el principal exportador de nectarines hacia el hemisferio norte en contra-estación. Dado que los mercados se encuentran en el extranjero la fruta es transportada a 0 °C por alrededor de un mes. En estas condiciones, algunos frutos presentan desórdenes postcosecha después de prolongados tiempos expuestos al frío evidenciando principalmente harinosidad y pardeamiento de la pulpa. Nosotros creemos que el manejo agronómico tal como el raleo podría afectar el tamaño final, la composición de los metabolitos en la pulpa y alterar la tolerancia/susceptibilidad del fruto cuando es expuesto al frío. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos del tratamiento de raleo en los perfiles de metabolitos y daño postcosecha de los frutos en cosecha y almacenamiento en frío en las variedades de nectarines ‘Magique’ y ‘Red Pearl’. Los tratamientos fueron raleo comercial (34 hojas/fruto) y control sin raleo (10 hojas/fruto). Los frutos fueron cosechados con una firmeza similar (53,4 N) y mantenidos a 0 °C por 21 días y 0 °C por 21 días más 5 días a 20 °C. Los frutos de árboles con raleo de ambas variedades presentaron mayor tamaño y un nivel de sólidos solubles más alto comparado con frutos control de árboles sin raleo. El raleo también adelantó el desarrollo de los frutos de ‘Red Pearl’. El contenido de azúcares y ácidos orgánicos fue analizado por HPAEC-PAD y HPLC-DAD respectivamente. ‘Red Pearl’ presentó variación significativa en la concentración de metabolitos debido al raleo, principalmente en los azúcares y ácidos orgánicos. ‘Magique’ no fue afectado por el raleo en estos parámetros, sugiriendo que los cambios metabólicos en la pulpa de los frutos inducido por el raleo es variedad dependiente. La variedad ‘Red Pearl’ presentó enrojecimiento de la pulpa tanto en frutos de árboles con raleo como en los controles sin raleo expuestos al frío. Los frutos de la variedad ‘Magique’ de árboles sin raleo presentaron falta de jugosidad (harinosidad) cuando fueron expuestos al frío y los frutos de árboles con raleo fueron jugosos. En este parámetro el raleo ayuda a la prevención de daños postcosecha en la variedad ‘Magique’. En conclusión, el efecto del raleo sobre los metabolitos presentes en la pulpa de los frutos, y sobre la resistencia/susceptibilidad al daño por frío, depende de la variedad y la temporada en la cual se lleve a cabo.
Chile is the main exporter of peaches and nectarines to the Northern hemisphere in counter season. Since the markets are usually overseas the fruit should be transported at 0 °C for around a month. In these conditions, some fruits can present postharvest disorders after prolonged cold exposure mainly evidenced as mealiness and flesh browning. We believe that agronomic practices such as thinning could affect the final fruit flesh composition and alter its tolerance/susceptibility to cold exposure. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of thinning treatments in metabolic profile and postharvest disorders at harvest and after cold storage in ‘Magique’ and ‘Red Pearl’ nectarine varieties. The treatments were commercial thinning (34 leaves/fruit) and control without thinning (10 leaves/fruit). The fruits were harvested with similar flesh firmness (53,4 N) and kept at 0 °C for 21 days and 0 °C for 21 days plus 5 days at 20 °C. Thinned trees of both varieties presented increased fruit size and soluble solids amount compared to fruit from unthinned control trees. Thinning also leaded to a rapidly fruit development in ‘Red Pearl’. Sugar and organic acid contents were analyzed by HPAEC-PAD and HPLC-DAD respectively. ‘Red Pearl’ fruits presented significant variations in the concentration of metabolites mainly sugars and organic acids due to thinning. ‘Magique’ fruits were not affected by thinning, suggesting that the changes in flesh fruit metabolites in induced by thinning are variety dependent. The 'Red Pearl' variety showed pulp bleeding in both thinned and unthinned fruits. The ‘Magique’ fruits from unthinned trees presented lack of juiciness (mealiness) while fruits from unthinned trees were juicy which were attributable to the thinning treatment. For this quality trait thinning helped to prevented post-harvest damage in the 'Magique' variety. In conclusion, the effect of thinning on the metabolite profile in fruit pulp and resistance/susceptibility to cold damage depend on the variety and harvest season.
Chile is the main exporter of peaches and nectarines to the Northern hemisphere in counter season. Since the markets are usually overseas the fruit should be transported at 0 °C for around a month. In these conditions, some fruits can present postharvest disorders after prolonged cold exposure mainly evidenced as mealiness and flesh browning. We believe that agronomic practices such as thinning could affect the final fruit flesh composition and alter its tolerance/susceptibility to cold exposure. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of thinning treatments in metabolic profile and postharvest disorders at harvest and after cold storage in ‘Magique’ and ‘Red Pearl’ nectarine varieties. The treatments were commercial thinning (34 leaves/fruit) and control without thinning (10 leaves/fruit). The fruits were harvested with similar flesh firmness (53,4 N) and kept at 0 °C for 21 days and 0 °C for 21 days plus 5 days at 20 °C. Thinned trees of both varieties presented increased fruit size and soluble solids amount compared to fruit from unthinned control trees. Thinning also leaded to a rapidly fruit development in ‘Red Pearl’. Sugar and organic acid contents were analyzed by HPAEC-PAD and HPLC-DAD respectively. ‘Red Pearl’ fruits presented significant variations in the concentration of metabolites mainly sugars and organic acids due to thinning. ‘Magique’ fruits were not affected by thinning, suggesting that the changes in flesh fruit metabolites in induced by thinning are variety dependent. The 'Red Pearl' variety showed pulp bleeding in both thinned and unthinned fruits. The ‘Magique’ fruits from unthinned trees presented lack of juiciness (mealiness) while fruits from unthinned trees were juicy which were attributable to the thinning treatment. For this quality trait thinning helped to prevented post-harvest damage in the 'Magique' variety. In conclusion, the effect of thinning on the metabolite profile in fruit pulp and resistance/susceptibility to cold damage depend on the variety and harvest season.
Notas
Tesis (Magister en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Duraznos, Raleo, Calidad