Análisis de susceptibilidad de remociones en masa de caída de rocas en la comuna de San José de Maipo, región metropolitana, Chile
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2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
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La existencia de sucesos de fenómenos naturales, tales como tsunamis, sismos, huracanes y remociones en masa, siempre han estado presentes. Sin embargo, el alto crecimiento de expansión urbana en territorios montañosos ha generado que los fenómenos de remoción en masa adquieran mayor importancia de riesgo en la población.
La comuna de San José de Maipo, la cual pertenece a la cuenca alta del río Maipo, se caracteriza por presentar pendientes pronunciada en sus laderas y emplazada bajo un sistema de laderas con evidencia de remociones en masa, lo cual indica la inestabilidad en la que estas laderas se encuentran, y que ante eventos sísmicos y/o hidrometeorológico generan remociones en masa.
Debido a lo anterior, es que el presente trabajo se desarrolla en la comuna de San José de Maipo, región metropolitana, el cual consiste en caracterizar y evaluar el índice de susceptibilidad de caída de rocas, utilizando la metodología propuesta por Lara (2007), en conjunto con técnicas de teledetección. Para ello, se utilizaron diferentes imágenes satelitales con las cuales fue posible caracterizar factores geomorfológicos, además de vegetación, humedad y acumulación de nieve.
El análisis se realizó dividiendo la zona en cuatro subcuencas: río colorado, río yeso, río el volcán y río Maipo; definiendo un total de 766 unidades geomorfológicas, las cuales se generaron a partir de características geomorfológicas: orientación de laderas y pendientes. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la zona de estudio presenta una alta susceptibilidad a caída de rocas, siendo este tipo de remoción en masa un riesgo para la población de la zona.
The existence of events of natural phenomena, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes and mass removals, have always been present. However, the high growth of urban expansion in mountainous territories has generated that the phenomena of mass removal acquire greater importance of risk in the population. The commune of San José de Maipo, which belongs to the upper basin of the Maipo River, is characterized by steep slopes on its slopes and located under a system of slopes with evidence of mass removals, which indicates the instability in which these slopes meet, and that in the face of seismic and/or hydrometeorological events generate mass removals. Due to the above, it is that the present work is developed in the commune of San José de Maipo, metropolitan region, which consists of characterizing and evaluating the rockfall susceptibility index, using the methodology proposed by Lara (2007), in conjunction with remote sensing techniques. For this, different satellite images were used with which it was possible to characterize geomorphological factors, in addition to vegetation, humidity and snow accumulation. The analysis was carried out by dividing the area into four sub-basins: The Colorado River, the Yeso River, the El Volcan River and the Maipo River; defining a total of 766 geomorphological units, which were generated from geomorphological characteristics: orientation of slopes and slopes. The results obtained reflect that the study area has a high susceptibility to rockfall, this type of mass removal being a risk for the population of the area.
The existence of events of natural phenomena, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes and mass removals, have always been present. However, the high growth of urban expansion in mountainous territories has generated that the phenomena of mass removal acquire greater importance of risk in the population. The commune of San José de Maipo, which belongs to the upper basin of the Maipo River, is characterized by steep slopes on its slopes and located under a system of slopes with evidence of mass removals, which indicates the instability in which these slopes meet, and that in the face of seismic and/or hydrometeorological events generate mass removals. Due to the above, it is that the present work is developed in the commune of San José de Maipo, metropolitan region, which consists of characterizing and evaluating the rockfall susceptibility index, using the methodology proposed by Lara (2007), in conjunction with remote sensing techniques. For this, different satellite images were used with which it was possible to characterize geomorphological factors, in addition to vegetation, humidity and snow accumulation. The analysis was carried out by dividing the area into four sub-basins: The Colorado River, the Yeso River, the El Volcan River and the Maipo River; defining a total of 766 geomorphological units, which were generated from geomorphological characteristics: orientation of slopes and slopes. The results obtained reflect that the study area has a high susceptibility to rockfall, this type of mass removal being a risk for the population of the area.
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Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Remociones en Masa, Riesgo Geológico, Chile, San José de Maipo