¿Cuál es el efecto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad comparado con ejercicios continuos de moderada intensidad sobre fuerza, masa muscular y rendimiento físico de adultos mayores con sarcopenia?
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Archivos
Fecha
2023
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Antecedentes: La sarcopenia, una disminución natural de la función, masa y fuerza
muscular debido al envejecimiento, aumenta el riesgo de fragilidad en adultos
mayores, por lo que es esencial encontrar estrategias efectivas para mejorar su salud
y calidad de vida. El entrenamiento físico se considera una opción eficaz y no
farmacológica para adultos mayores, y tanto el entrenamiento aeróbico moderado
como el de resistencia se pueden utilizar para mantener o mejorar la calidad muscular.
El entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y el entrenamiento continuo
de intensidad moderada (MICT) son enfoques exitosos que han demostrado mejorar
la función muscular y mitigar la falta de ejercicio físico.
Objetivo: Comparar los efectos del ejercicio interválico de alta intensidad y el ejercicio
continuo moderado sobre fuerza muscular, masa muscular y rendimiento físico en
adultos mayores con sarcopenia.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, donde se realizaron
búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS),
PubMed/Medline y SPORTDiscus. Se extrajeron los datos de los estudios
seleccionados con base en los criterios de inclusión que investigó los efectos del HIIT
vs el MICT en AM con sarcopenia.
Resultados: Se identificaron 9747 artículos en las bases de datos seleccionadas,
cumpliendo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión un total de 21 artículos que fueron
revisados, quedando un total de 8 artículos los cuales fueron analizados
Conclusión: El HIIT ha demostrado ser efectivo para mejorar la capacidad
cardiovascular y reducir la masa grasa total. Por otro lado, el MICT se destaca por su
influencia en la fuerza muscular, especialmente en los miembros inferiores, y la
capacidad funcional, manifestando incrementos significativos en la potencia y fuerza
del cuádriceps. Ambas modalidades de entrenamiento mostraron mejoras notables en
la composición corporal.
Background: Sarcopenia, a natural decline in muscle function, mass, and strength due to ageing, increases the risk of frailty in older adults, making it essential to find effective strategies to improve their health and quality of life. Exercise training is considered an effective, nonpharmacological option for older adults, and both moderate aerobic and resistance training can be used to maintain or improve muscle quality. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) are successful approaches that have been shown to improve muscle function and mitigate lack of physical exercise. Objective: Compare the effects of high intensity interval exercise and moderate continuous exercise on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out, where electronic searches were performed in the databases. Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed/Medline, and SPORTDiscus. Data were extracted from selected studies based on inclusion criteria that investigated the effects of HIIT vs. MICT on orders with sarcopenia. Results: 9747 articles were identified in the selected databases, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 21 articles were reviewed, leaving a total of 8 articles which were analysed. Conclusion: HIIT has been shown to be effective in improving cardiovascular capacity and reducing total fat mass. On the other hand, MICT stands out for its influence on muscle strength, especially in the lower extremities, and functional capacity, manifesting significant increases in quadriceps power and strength. Both training modalities showed notable improvements in body composition.
Background: Sarcopenia, a natural decline in muscle function, mass, and strength due to ageing, increases the risk of frailty in older adults, making it essential to find effective strategies to improve their health and quality of life. Exercise training is considered an effective, nonpharmacological option for older adults, and both moderate aerobic and resistance training can be used to maintain or improve muscle quality. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) are successful approaches that have been shown to improve muscle function and mitigate lack of physical exercise. Objective: Compare the effects of high intensity interval exercise and moderate continuous exercise on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out, where electronic searches were performed in the databases. Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed/Medline, and SPORTDiscus. Data were extracted from selected studies based on inclusion criteria that investigated the effects of HIIT vs. MICT on orders with sarcopenia. Results: 9747 articles were identified in the selected databases, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 21 articles were reviewed, leaving a total of 8 articles which were analysed. Conclusion: HIIT has been shown to be effective in improving cardiovascular capacity and reducing total fat mass. On the other hand, MICT stands out for its influence on muscle strength, especially in the lower extremities, and functional capacity, manifesting significant increases in quadriceps power and strength. Both training modalities showed notable improvements in body composition.
Notas
Proceso investigativo (Licenciado en Kinesiología)
Palabras clave
Entrenamiento Atlético, Sarcopenia, Revisión Sistemática