Kunder, AndreaValenti, ElenaDall’Ora, MassimoPietrukowicz, PawelSneden, ChrisBono, GiuseppeBraga, Vittorio F.Ferraro, IvánFiorentino, GiulianaIannicola, GiacintoMarconi, MarcellaMartínez-Vázquez, Clara E.Monelli, MatteoMusella, IlariaRipepi, VincenzoSalaris, MaurizioStetson, Peter B.2022-07-262022-07-262018-08Space Science Reviews Volume 214, Issue 51 August 2018 Article number 9000386308https://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/23353Indexación ScopusHere we review the efforts of a number of recent results that use old tracers to understand the build up of the Galaxy. Details that lead directly to using these old tracers to measure distances are discussed. We concentrate on the following: (1) the structure and evolution of the Galactic bulge and inner Galaxy constrained from the dynamics of individual stars residing therein; (2) the spatial structure of the old Galactic bulge through photometric observations of RR Lyrae-type stars; (3) the three-dimensional structure, stellar density, mass, chemical composition, and age of the Milky Way bulge as traced by its old stellar populations; (4) an overview of RR Lyrae stars known in the ultra-faint dwarfs and their relation to the Galactic halo; and (5) different approaches for estimating absolute and relative cluster ages. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V.enGaiaBiomechanicsLAMOSTThree-dimensional structureSpatial structureChemical compositionsDistance determinationArtículoPublisher's Bespoke License10.1007/s11214-018-0519-0