Tapia-bustos, A.Lespay-rebolledo, C.Vío, V.Pérez-lobos, R.Casanova-ortiz, E.Ezquer, F.Herrera-marschitz, M.Morales, P.2021-05-252021-05-252021-03International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 6, 2 March 2021, Article number 327516616596http://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/18947Indexación ScopusThe effect of perinatal asphyxia (PA) on oligodendrocyte (OL), neuroinflammation, and cell viability was evaluated in telencephalon of rats at postnatal day (P)1, 7, and 14, a period char-acterized by a spur of neuronal networking, evaluating the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)- treatment. The issue was investigated with a rat model of global PA, mimicking a clinical risk oc-curring under labor. PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns into a water bath for 21 min (AS), using sibling-caesarean-delivered fetuses (CS) as controls. Two hours after delivery, AS and CS neonates were injected with either 5 μL of vehicle (10% plasma) or 5 × 104 MSCs into the lateral ventricle. Samples were assayed for myelin-basic protein (MBP) levels; Olig-1/Olig-2 tran-scriptional factors; Gglial phenotype; neuroinflammation, and delayed cell death. The main effects were observed at P7, including: (i) A decrease of MBP-immunoreactivity in external capsule, corpus callosum, cingulum, but not in fimbriae of hippocampus; (ii) an increase of Olig-1-mRNA levels; (iii) an increase of IL-6-mRNA, but not in protein levels; (iv) an increase in cell death, including OLs; and (v) MSCs treatment prevented the effect of PA on myelination, OLs number, and cell death. The present findings show that PA induces regional- and developmental-dependent changes on myelination and OLs maturation. Neonatal MSCs treatment improves survival of mature OLs and myelination in telencephalic white matter. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.enRemyelinizationOligodendrocyte Precursor CellsCuprizoneMesenchymal stem cellsNeonatal asphyxia/ischemiaPeriventricular leukomalaciaArtículo10.3390/ijms22063275