Contreras-Osorio, F.Guzmán-Guzmán, I.Cerda-Vega, E.Chirosa-Ríos, L.Ramírez-Campillo, R.Campos-Jara, C.2022-06-242022-06-242022-03International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 19, Issue 5, March-1 2022, Article number 30451661-7827https://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/22972Indexación: Scopus.Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10–12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = −0.55 to −0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to −0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions.enAnthropometryExecutive functionHuman physical conditioningMuscle strengthMusculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomenaPhysical education and trainingPhysical fitnessArtículoAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)10.3390/ijerph19053045