Ouchar Mahamat, OumarTidjani, AbdelsalamLounnas, ManonHide, MallorieBenavides, JulioSomasse, CalèbeOuedraogo, Abdoul-SalamSanou, SoufianeCarrière, ChristianBañuls, Anne-LaureJean-Pierre, HélèneDumont, YannGodreuil, Sylvain2021-11-152021-11-152019-11Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control Volume 8, Issue 131 October 2019 Article number 1692047-2994http://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/20898Indexación: ScopusBackground: Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) remains poorly documented in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE fecal carriage in Chad. Methods: In total, 200 fresh stool samples were collected from 100 healthy community volunteers and 100 hospitalized patients from January to March 2017. After screening using ESBL-selective agar plates and species identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method, and ESBL production confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. The different ESBL genes in potential ESBL-producing isolates were detected by PCR and double stranded DNA sequencing. Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were determined using a PCR-based method. Results: ESBL-PE fecal carriage prevalence was 44.5% (51% among hospitalized patients vs 38% among healthy volunteers; p < 0.05). ESBL-producing isolates were mostly Escherichia coli (64/89) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16/89). PCR and sequencing showed that 98.8% (87/89) of ESBL-PE harbored bla CTX-M genes: bla CTX-M-15 in 94.25% (82/87) and bla CTX-M-14 in 5.75% (5/87). Phylogroup determination by quadruplex PCR indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to group A (n = 17; 27%), C (n = 17; 27%), B2 (n = 9; 14%), B1 (n = 8; 13%), D (n = 8; 13%), E (n = 1; 1.6%), and F (n = 1; 1.6%). The ST131 clone was identified in 100% (9/9) of E. coli B2 strains. Conclusions: The high fecal carriage rate of ESBL-PE associated with CTX-M-15 in hospital and community settings of Chad highlights the risk for resistance transmission between non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. © 2019 The Author(s).enChadEnterobacteriaceaeESBLFecal carriageArtículoAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)10.1186/s13756-019-0626-z