Astudillo-Barraza, DavidOses, RomuloHenríquez-Castillo, CarlosVui Ling Wong, Clemente MichaelPérez-Donoso, José M.Purcarea, CristinaFukumasu, HeidgeFierro-Vásquez, NataliaPérez, Pablo A.Lavin, Paris2024-09-122024-09-122023-02Fermentation. Volume 9, Issue 2. February 2023. Article number 1292311-5637https://repositorio.unab.cl/handle/ria/60143Indexación: ScopusFunding: This research was funded by Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH), grant numbers MG_05–14 and Nº RT_20–19. This work was also partially supported by Fondecyt Iniciación grant N° 11190754 (National Agency of Research and Development, ANID) and by grants ATA N° 2095 and ATA N° 20992 of the Ministry of Education of Chile, VRII-No1308 project Iniciación de la Investigación de Nuevos Investigadores de la Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) - CLAP R20F0008 and Yayasan Penyelidikan Antartika Sultan Mizan (YPASM) (UMS code LPS2110).The Antarctic Streptomyces fildesensis has been recognized for its production of antimicrobial compounds with interesting biological activities against foodborne bacteria and multi-resistant strains, but not for its potential antiproliferative activity and mechanisms involved. Two bioactive ethyl acetate extract (EAE) fractions were purified via thin-layer chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), showing that orange-colored compounds displayed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria even after shock thermal treatment. The UV–VIS features of the active compounds, the TLC assay with actinomycin-D pure standard, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and the ANTISMASH analysis support the presence of actinomycin-like compounds. We demonstrated that S. fildesensis displays antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines, including human breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (PC-3), colon cancer (HT-29) and non-tumoral colon epithelial cells (CoN). The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) ranged from 3.98 µg/mL to 0.1 µg/mL. Our results reveal that actinomycin-like compounds of S. fildesensis induced apoptosis mediated by caspase activation, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and altering the cell morphology in all tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines analyzed. These findings confirm the potential of the psychrotolerant Antarctic S. fildesensis species as a promising source for obtaining potential novel anticancer compounds. © 2023 by the authors.enAnticancerAntimicrobialApoptosisCaspasesCytotoxicMitochondrial Membrane PermeabilityStreptomyces FildesensisApoptotic Induction in Human Cancer Cell Lines by Antimicrobial Compounds from Antarctic Streptomyces fildesensis (INACH3013)ArtículoCC BY 4.0 Attribution 4.0 International Deed10.3390/fermentation9020129