El proceso de duelo (IM)posible en los familiares de detenidos - desaparecidos y su relación con la violencia política, el trauma y la memoria
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Fecha
2007
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La pregunta central que intenta responder esta tesis doctoral es, si es
posible elaborar el duelo en los familiares de los detenidos desaparecidos,
dada su especificidad, que lo diferencia de otros, ya que es producto de la
violencia política extrema que tuvo lugar en América Latina en los 70 y 80.
La pertinencia de esta investigación se basa en el número significativo
de dichos sujetos, así como en la repercusión que esta traumática situación
ha tenido en la sociedad chilena. Es un tema· pendiente, que aún no está
resuelto, que genera controversias, y que circula en el imaginario social.
La reflexión sobre el proceso de duelo en estas personas, permite
vincular la teoría psicoanalítica, su relación con el contexto social, y la praxis
que se ha dado en algunos países de la región.
Esta tesis se inicia con el relato de un caso clínico, que genera varias
hipótesis acerca de la relación entre violencia política, el aconte-ser
traumático, la memoria social, el reconocimiento social en el proceso de
duelo en los familiares, y sus consecuencias en las segundas y terceras
generaciones.
Realiza una articulación entre los elementos que inciden en la
posibilidad o imposibilidad de realizar un proceso de duelo en este tipo de
pacientes: el análisis del caso, la revisión bibliográfica desde diferentes
enfoques y la terapia.
Se propone un modelo, que establece una relación de
interdependencia entre los elementos analizados, a los cuales se agrega la
presencia de un "otro" en el espacio terapéutico. Esta propuesta permite
comprender las consecuencias de la violencia política sobre las personas,
sus familias, los terapeutas y la sociedad.
Esta tesis tiene tres anexos: el primero es el de las "Peculiaridades de
la Investigación en Psicoanálisis"; en el segundo se analizan los conceptos
ejes de esta investigación, de "Trauma" y "Memoria", desde la Neurociencia.
Como su nombre lo indica, en el tercero se entregan los "Antecedentes
Políticos, Sociales y Legales y las Medidas de Reparación a los familiares de
los Detenidos Desaparecidos en Chile".
This dissertation attempts to answer whether it is possible to work over the mourning of the relatives of the disappeared people, given its specific character, which differentiates it from any other type of mourning, being a consequence of the extreme political violence which took place in Latin America in the 70s and 80s. The pertinence of this research is based on both the significant number of people involved and the repercussion that this traumatic situation has had on the Chilean community. lt is a pending issue which generates controversies, remains unsolved and is still present in the social imaginary. Meditation on the mourning process of these individuals allows us to make a link between psychoanalytical theory, the social context and the practices that took place in sorne countries of the Region. This thesis begins with the report of a clinical case, generating hypotheses about the relationship that is established between political violence, the traumatic experience, social memory, social recognition, the mourning process, and the consequences on the second and third generations. The aforementioned includes an articulation among the case analysis, the bibliographic review, with its different viewpoints, and the praxis, on the elements that influence the relatives' possibility or impossibility of coming out of a mourning process. A therapeutic model is proposed, establishing an interdependence among the analyzed elements, to which the presence of an "other" is added within the therapeutic space. This proposal allows the understanding of the consequences of political violence on the individuals, their families, the psychotherapeutics and the community. This thesis has three annexes: the first one is, "Peculiarities of the investigation in Psychoanalysis"; in the second one, "Trauma" and "Memory" -the two key concepts of this research - are analyzed from the point of view of Neuroscience. The third one, as the title suggests, discusses the "Political, Social and Legal background and Reparation Compensation for the Relatives of the Disappeared People in Chile".
This dissertation attempts to answer whether it is possible to work over the mourning of the relatives of the disappeared people, given its specific character, which differentiates it from any other type of mourning, being a consequence of the extreme political violence which took place in Latin America in the 70s and 80s. The pertinence of this research is based on both the significant number of people involved and the repercussion that this traumatic situation has had on the Chilean community. lt is a pending issue which generates controversies, remains unsolved and is still present in the social imaginary. Meditation on the mourning process of these individuals allows us to make a link between psychoanalytical theory, the social context and the practices that took place in sorne countries of the Region. This thesis begins with the report of a clinical case, generating hypotheses about the relationship that is established between political violence, the traumatic experience, social memory, social recognition, the mourning process, and the consequences on the second and third generations. The aforementioned includes an articulation among the case analysis, the bibliographic review, with its different viewpoints, and the praxis, on the elements that influence the relatives' possibility or impossibility of coming out of a mourning process. A therapeutic model is proposed, establishing an interdependence among the analyzed elements, to which the presence of an "other" is added within the therapeutic space. This proposal allows the understanding of the consequences of political violence on the individuals, their families, the psychotherapeutics and the community. This thesis has three annexes: the first one is, "Peculiarities of the investigation in Psychoanalysis"; in the second one, "Trauma" and "Memory" -the two key concepts of this research - are analyzed from the point of view of Neuroscience. The third one, as the title suggests, discusses the "Political, Social and Legal background and Reparation Compensation for the Relatives of the Disappeared People in Chile".
Notas
Tesis (Doctor en Psicoanálisis)
Palabras clave
Luto, Aspectos Psicológicos