Análisis del cumplimiento de la normativa de residuos industriales sólidos en PYMES de la comuna de San Bernardo: 4 casos de estudio
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Fecha
2009
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los residuos industriales sólidos son una constante dentro del proceso productivo. La tecnología existente en empresas pequeñas y medianas coincide con aprovechar los recursos económicos. Sin embargo los RIS son una consecuencia negativa debido a los impactos ambientales y riesgos a la salud generados por un mal manejo de ellos.
Este estudio presenta soluciones a las dificultades presentes en las normativas de RIS y al incumplimiento legal de las pequeñas y medianas empresas, entregando medidas que puedan mejorar la aplicación y el cumplimiento de las normas y que puedan mejorar la gestión de los RIS generados. El levantamiento de información se realizó mediante dos instrumentos de recolección de datos, la entrevista y la encuesta, sumado con visitas y observación en terreno de las actividades de manejo de RIS. Fueron aplicados en 4 PYMES a estudio de la comuna de San Bernardo. Dos de ellas trabajaron con en el APL territorial de la comuna.
El problema del mal manejo de RIS en PYMES quedó demostrado en 2 de los 4 casos de estudio, presentando irregularidades en la gestión de RIS (manejo mal organizado, lugares de almacenamiento y contenedores inadecuados) y en el cumplimiento de la normativa ( contenedores sin rotular, instalaciones sin informe sanitario aprobado, ni calificación técnica, no realizan declaración RIS). Esto acentuó más la brecha entre la gestión de RIS presente en PYMES con APL y empresas que no participan. Finalmente se concluye que es necesario crear nuevas normativas de RIS con el fin de
complementar las existentes y se debe fomentar la participación de PYMES en mesas de
trabajo y productividad referentes a P+L. Sin embargo, crear un "Gestor de Residuos"
permitirá asesorar interna y externamente las PYMES mejorando las operaciones que
componen la gestión de RIS, enfocado a la valorización de los residuos, el desarrollo de
ideas de bajo costo e integrando capacitaciones referentes a sistemas jerarquizados e
integrados de gestión de RIS, todo enfocado a cumplir la normativa existente.
The solid industrial wastes are constant inside the production process. The existing technology in small and medium companies agrees with taking advantage of the economic resources. However, the RJS are a negative consequence due to the environmental impacts and health risks generated by a badly handling of them. This study displays solutions to the difficulties in the RJS regulations, and to the legal breach of the small and medium companies, giving measures that can improve the application and the fulfillment of the laws and that can improve the RIS management. The information was getting through two instruments of data collection, the interviews and the polls, added with visits and land observation of the RJS handling activities. They were applied in 4 PYMES to study of the San Bernardo commune. Two of them worked within the territorial APL of the commune. The problem of bad RIS handling in PYMES was proved in 2 of the 4 study cases, displaying irregularities in RIS management (Bad organized handling, inappropriate places of storage and containers) and they did not comply with the legal terms ( containers without labeling, facilities without an approved sanitary report, and without technical qualifications, do not make RJS declarations). This opens further the breach between RJS management present in PYMES with APL and companies that do not participate. Finally, it concludes that it is necessary to create new norms of RJS with the purpose of complementing the existing ones and should support PYMES participation in worktables and P+L productivity. However, to create a "Waste Manager" will allow to advise, internally and externally, PYMES to improve operations that compase the RJS management, focused to the valuation of wastes, the development of low-cost ideas and the integration of conducting training related with organizational hierarchy RJS management systems, all focused to act in accordance with existing regulations.
The solid industrial wastes are constant inside the production process. The existing technology in small and medium companies agrees with taking advantage of the economic resources. However, the RJS are a negative consequence due to the environmental impacts and health risks generated by a badly handling of them. This study displays solutions to the difficulties in the RJS regulations, and to the legal breach of the small and medium companies, giving measures that can improve the application and the fulfillment of the laws and that can improve the RIS management. The information was getting through two instruments of data collection, the interviews and the polls, added with visits and land observation of the RJS handling activities. They were applied in 4 PYMES to study of the San Bernardo commune. Two of them worked within the territorial APL of the commune. The problem of bad RIS handling in PYMES was proved in 2 of the 4 study cases, displaying irregularities in RIS management (Bad organized handling, inappropriate places of storage and containers) and they did not comply with the legal terms ( containers without labeling, facilities without an approved sanitary report, and without technical qualifications, do not make RJS declarations). This opens further the breach between RJS management present in PYMES with APL and companies that do not participate. Finally, it concludes that it is necessary to create new norms of RJS with the purpose of complementing the existing ones and should support PYMES participation in worktables and P+L productivity. However, to create a "Waste Manager" will allow to advise, internally and externally, PYMES to improve operations that compase the RJS management, focused to the valuation of wastes, the development of low-cost ideas and the integration of conducting training related with organizational hierarchy RJS management systems, all focused to act in accordance with existing regulations.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Ambiental, Licenciado en Ciencias Ambientales)
Palabras clave
Desechos Industriales, Chile, Comuna de San Bernardo, PYMES, Aspectos Ambientales, Región Metropolitana