El terremoto de 2010 en Chile: respuesta del sistema de salud y de la cooperaciĆ³n internacional
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2011-08
Profesor/a GuĆa
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
TĆtulo de la revista
ISSN de la revista
TĆtulo del volumen
Editor
OrganizaciĆ³n Panamericana de la Salud
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
OBJETIVO: Conocer la respuesta que dieron el sistema de salud y la cooperaciĆ³n internacional a la situaciĆ³n de catĆ”strofe generada por el terremoto y el tsunami ocurridos el 27 de febrero de 2010 en Chile, y elaborar propuestas para mejorar las estrategias dirigidas a reducir los efectos devastadores de los desastres naturales.
MĆTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo con una primera fase de anĆ”lisis de informaciĆ³n secundaria -como artĆculos de prensa, discursos oficiales e informes tĆ©cnicos- y una segunda fase de aplicaciĆ³n de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores institucionales encargados de la respuesta al desastre desde el sector salud y a usuarios del sistema de salud que actuaron como lĆderes y/o dirigentes en dicha respuesta. La investigaciĆ³n se desarrollĆ³ entre mayo y octubre de 2010 y el levantamiento de informaciĆ³n se focalizĆ³ en las regiones Maule, BĆo BĆo y Metropolitana.
RESULTADOS: Faltaron procedimientos para el registro, la distribuciĆ³n y el control de las donaciones. Los servicios de salud sufrieron daƱos importantes, incluida la destrucciĆ³n total de 10 hospitales. Los hospitales de campaƱa y los equipos mĆ©dicos extranjeros fueron valorados por la comunidad. El modelo de salud familiar y el compromiso del personal facilitaron la calidad de la respuesta. Si bien hubo un buen manejo sanitario, se registraron dificultades para enfrentar los problemas de salud mental por la inexistencia de planes locales y de simulacros previos. La poblaciĆ³n mĆ”s afectada fue la que vivĆa en condiciones de pobreza. Las mujeres se convirtieron en lĆderes sociales organizando a la comunidad.
CONCLUSIONES: Aun cuando la respuesta sanitaria frente a la emergencia fue satisfactoria, tanto el sistema de salud como la movilizaciĆ³n de la asistencia internacional acusaron falencias que reforzaron inequidades previamente instaladas, demostrando la necesidad de construir planes preventivos multisectoriales y participativos para estar mejor preparados frente a los desastres.
OBJECTIVE: Understand the health system and international cooperation response to the catastrophic situation left by the earthquake and tsunami of 27 February 2010 in Chile, and draft proposals for improving strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of natural disasters. METHODS: Descriptive and qualitative study with a first phase involving the analysis of secondary information-such as news articles, official statements, and technical reports-and a second phase involving semistructured interviews of institutional actors in the public health sector responsible for disaster response and users of the health system who acted as leaders and/or managers of the response. The study was conducted between May and October 2010, and information-gathering focused on the Maule, BĆo BĆo, and Metropolitan regions. RESULTS: Procedures for recording, distributing, and controlling donations were lacking. The health services suffered significant damage, including the complete destruction of 10 hospitals. The presence of field hospitals and foreign medical teams were appreciated by the community. The family health model and the commitment of personnel helped to ensure the quality of the response. While public health management was generally good, problems dealing with mental health issues were encountered due to a lack of local plans and predisaster simulations. The poor were the most affected. Women became social leaders, organizing the community. CONCLUSIONS: Although the health response to the emergency was satisfactory, both the health system and the mobilization of international assistance suffered from weaknesses that exacerbated existing inequities, revealing the need for multisectoral participatory mitigation plans for better disaster preparedness.
OBJECTIVE: Understand the health system and international cooperation response to the catastrophic situation left by the earthquake and tsunami of 27 February 2010 in Chile, and draft proposals for improving strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of natural disasters. METHODS: Descriptive and qualitative study with a first phase involving the analysis of secondary information-such as news articles, official statements, and technical reports-and a second phase involving semistructured interviews of institutional actors in the public health sector responsible for disaster response and users of the health system who acted as leaders and/or managers of the response. The study was conducted between May and October 2010, and information-gathering focused on the Maule, BĆo BĆo, and Metropolitan regions. RESULTS: Procedures for recording, distributing, and controlling donations were lacking. The health services suffered significant damage, including the complete destruction of 10 hospitals. The presence of field hospitals and foreign medical teams were appreciated by the community. The family health model and the commitment of personnel helped to ensure the quality of the response. While public health management was generally good, problems dealing with mental health issues were encountered due to a lack of local plans and predisaster simulations. The poor were the most affected. Women became social leaders, organizing the community. CONCLUSIONS: Although the health response to the emergency was satisfactory, both the health system and the mobilization of international assistance suffered from weaknesses that exacerbated existing inequities, revealing the need for multisectoral participatory mitigation plans for better disaster preparedness.
Notas
IndexaciĆ³n: Web of Science; Scielo
Palabras clave
PlanificaciĆ³n en desastres, Terremotos, Sistemas de socorro, Asistencia internacional en desastres, Sistemas de salud, CooperaciĆ³n internacional, Chile
CitaciĆ³n
Rev Panam Salud Publica vol.30 n.2 Washington Aug. 2011