Análisis de susceptibilidad de caídas de rocas en el sector Quebrada de los Lavados, región de Valparaíso
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Vilches Mercado, Felipe Ignacio Kerman
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La existencia de fenómenos naturales tales como sismos, tsunamis, huracanes y remociones en masa han condicionado desde tiempos remotos el desarrollo de las actividades humanas. Específicamente en las remociones en masa se logra desglosar diversos tipos de categorías en base a su mecanismo y funcionamiento.
La comuna de Valparaíso se caracteriza por presentar pendientes pronunciadas en sus laderas, abundante vegetación inducida en diversos sectores y una expansión territorial descontrolada, sobrepasando en algunos casos el límite urbano. Debido a lo anterior, es común el desarrollo de remociones en masa, dentro de las cuales se encuentran las caídas de rocas correspondientes al enfoque del presente estudio.
El presente trabajo se desarrolla en las cercanías del cerro Las Cañas y el barrio Santa Elena, cruzando el límite urbano de Valparaíso. El estudio consiste en determinar el índice de susceptibilidad de caídas de rocas, utilizando la metodología propuesta por Muñoz (2013), donde se caracterizan los diversos factores condicionantes que afectan al macizo rocoso a una escala urbana 1:10.000. El análisis a escala urbana se realizó definiendo en total 100 unidades de análisis, las cuales se generaron a partir de las características geomorfológicas y geológicas-geotécnicas. Además, se realiza un estudio de compresión uniaxial sobre las rocas extraídas en el área de estudio, con la finalidad de obtener un dato cuantitativo para la caracterización del factor condicionante geología-geotecnia.
Las zonas con mayor índice de susceptibilidad corresponden a zonas con mayor intervención antrópica, pendientes abruptas, formas desfavorables de las laderas y vegetación desfavorable. La unidad de análisis con mayor índice de susceptibilidad correspondiente a un IS>70, se ubica en las cercanías del sector La Cantera. Dentro de dicha unidad se recomienda dar énfasis en la estabilización de las laderas para generar las medidas de mitigación apropiadas.
The existence of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and mass removals have conditioned, since ancient times, the development of human activities and the precaution that must be taken in the face of them. Within the mass removals, various types of categories can be broken down based on their mechanism and operation. The commune of Valparaíso is characterized by steep slopes on its slopes, abundant vegetation induced in various sectors and an uncontrolled territorial expansion, in some cases exceeding the urban limit. Due to the above, the development of mass removals is common, within which the present study focuses on rock falls. The present work is developed in the vicinity of the Las Cañas hill and the Santa Elena neighborhood, crossing the urban limit of Valparaíso. The study consists of determining the rockfall susceptibility index, using the methodology proposed by Muñoz (2013), where the various conditioning factors that affect the rock massif are characterized at an urban scale of 1: 10,000. The urban scale analysis was carried out defining a total of 100 analysis units, which were generated from the geomorphological and geological-geotechnical characteristics. In addition, a uniaxial compression study is carried out on the rocks identified in the study area, in order to obtain quantitative data for the characterization of the geology-geotechnical conditioning factor. The areas with the highest susceptibility index correspond to areas with greater anthropic intervention, steep slopes, unfavorable forms of the slopes and unfavorable vegetation. The unit of analysis with the highest susceptibility index corresponding to an IS> 70, is located near the La Cantera sector. Within this unit it is recommended to emphasize the stabilization of the slopes to generate appropriate mitigation measures.
The existence of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and mass removals have conditioned, since ancient times, the development of human activities and the precaution that must be taken in the face of them. Within the mass removals, various types of categories can be broken down based on their mechanism and operation. The commune of Valparaíso is characterized by steep slopes on its slopes, abundant vegetation induced in various sectors and an uncontrolled territorial expansion, in some cases exceeding the urban limit. Due to the above, the development of mass removals is common, within which the present study focuses on rock falls. The present work is developed in the vicinity of the Las Cañas hill and the Santa Elena neighborhood, crossing the urban limit of Valparaíso. The study consists of determining the rockfall susceptibility index, using the methodology proposed by Muñoz (2013), where the various conditioning factors that affect the rock massif are characterized at an urban scale of 1: 10,000. The urban scale analysis was carried out defining a total of 100 analysis units, which were generated from the geomorphological and geological-geotechnical characteristics. In addition, a uniaxial compression study is carried out on the rocks identified in the study area, in order to obtain quantitative data for the characterization of the geology-geotechnical conditioning factor. The areas with the highest susceptibility index correspond to areas with greater anthropic intervention, steep slopes, unfavorable forms of the slopes and unfavorable vegetation. The unit of analysis with the highest susceptibility index corresponding to an IS> 70, is located near the La Cantera sector. Within this unit it is recommended to emphasize the stabilization of the slopes to generate appropriate mitigation measures.
Notas
Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Riesgo Geológico, Evaluación de procesos, Valparaíso (Chile), Rocas, Recursos Naturales, Remociones en Masa