Impacto en la salud del cuidador principal del enfermo terminal oncológico
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Fecha
2010
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Introducción: El asumir el cuidado diario de un familiar enfermo oncológico terminal, así sea
de manera voluntaria podría llevar a presentar riesgos para la salud de las personas que
cumplen esta labor, especialmente si la responsabilidad recae en una sola persona, como lo es
el cuidador principal.
Objetivo: Conocer el estado de salud del cuidador principal del paciente oncológico terminal e
identificar sus necesidades de atención mas frecuentes.
Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, mediante un
cuestionario y una batería de instrumentos de medición. Se registraron las variables
sociodemográficas, parentesco, tiempo de cuidado, presencia de trastornos en la salud física y
emocional antes y durante el cuidado, necesidades de atención mas frecuentes, el Índice de
Barthel para registrar el grado de dependencia del enfermo cuidado, el cuestionario de
sobrecarga del cuidador Zarit y la aplicación de la escala HAOS para detectar niveles de
ansiedad y depresión.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 30 cuidadores principales de enfermos oncológicos terminales: 24
mujeres y 6 hombres, siendo mayoritariamente mujeres (80%), cónyuges (46,7%) con un
rango de edad entre los 55 y 75 años, con malestar gástrico (26,67%) y un tiempo de cuidado
de 3 a 6 meses (53,3%). El test de sobrecarga Zarit arrojo un nivel de sobrecarga leve. La
escala de ansiedad y depresión HAOS corroboró niveles normales respectivamente. (56,67%
y 53,33%)
Conclusión: El cuidador principal muchas veces minimiza la sobrecarga que produce el
cuidado de su enfermo. La información y medidas de apoyo psicoeducativo entregadas por el
equipo de los cuidados paliativos, son fundamentales para prevenir riesgos en su salud.
the individual that takes over this role, fspecially if the responsibility falls exclusively on one person, as is the case of the main caretaker. Objective: To establish the health condition of the main caretaker of an endstage cancer patient and identify his/her most frequent needs of atention. Method: Oescriptive transversal study involving the application of a questionnaire and a batery of assesment tools. Ouring the study the following variables were determined: sociodemographic, degree of relation, duration of care, presence of physical and emotional health disturbances before and during care, more frecuent needs for atention, degree of dependancy of the patient being cared for using the Barthel index, burden of the caretaker according to the Zarit questionnaire and the levels of anxiety and depression using the HAOS. Results: Thirty main caretakers of end stage cancer patients were studied: 24 women and 6 men, the mayority were female (80%), spouses (46,7%), ages between 55 and 75 years, with gastric disturbances (26,67%) and a duration of care between 3 and 6 months (53,3%). The Zarit caregiver burden scale showed a low burden level. The HAOS anxiety and depresion scale confirmed normal levels, 56,67% 1/ 53,33% respectively. {h,,.,d... Conclusion: The main caretaker often minimizes the burden produced by taking care of the patient. The information and psychoeducational support measures supplied by the paliative care team are fundamental to prevent a risk to their health.
the individual that takes over this role, fspecially if the responsibility falls exclusively on one person, as is the case of the main caretaker. Objective: To establish the health condition of the main caretaker of an endstage cancer patient and identify his/her most frequent needs of atention. Method: Oescriptive transversal study involving the application of a questionnaire and a batery of assesment tools. Ouring the study the following variables were determined: sociodemographic, degree of relation, duration of care, presence of physical and emotional health disturbances before and during care, more frecuent needs for atention, degree of dependancy of the patient being cared for using the Barthel index, burden of the caretaker according to the Zarit questionnaire and the levels of anxiety and depression using the HAOS. Results: Thirty main caretakers of end stage cancer patients were studied: 24 women and 6 men, the mayority were female (80%), spouses (46,7%), ages between 55 and 75 years, with gastric disturbances (26,67%) and a duration of care between 3 and 6 months (53,3%). The Zarit caregiver burden scale showed a low burden level. The HAOS anxiety and depresion scale confirmed normal levels, 56,67% 1/ 53,33% respectively. {h,,.,d... Conclusion: The main caretaker often minimizes the burden produced by taking care of the patient. The information and psychoeducational support measures supplied by the paliative care team are fundamental to prevent a risk to their health.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Manejo del Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos)
Palabras clave
Enfermo termnal, Cuidados Domiciliarios de Salud, Calidad de Vida, Cáncer, Chile