Análisis metabólico de aminoácidos en variedades contrastantes de duraznos (Prunus persica) con susceptibilidad a daño por frío durante postcosecha
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Fecha
2020
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Chile es el cuarto exportador de duraznos y nectarines (Prunus persica (L.)
Batsch) a nivel mundial. El almacenamiento refrigerado es la herramienta más
utilizada para conservar los frutos por largo tiempo. Sin embargo, algunas
variedades de duraznos y nectarines son altamente susceptibles a daño por frío
(CI), este es un desorden fisiológico en el cual se desarrollan varios procesos que
impactan negativamente en la calidad del fruto. Dentro de estos se describen la
harinosidad (mealiness), pardeamiento de la pulpa (browning), enrojecimiento
interno (bleeding) y textura tipo cuero (leatheriness).
Se conoce que la exposición del durazno al frío produce cambios en la
expresión de ciertos genes, tanto como abundancia o disminución de proteínas y
metabolitos que están asociados al fenotipo de CI. Entre los cambios
metabolómicos descritos en duraznos y nectarines, se señalan principalmente
compuestos asociados al metabolismo primario, en particular al cambio en el
contenido de aminoácidos, isoleucina y valina, sugiriendo que la acumulación de
estos aminoácidos en el fruto después de ser almacenado podría estar asociado
a la susceptibilidad de estos frutos al desarrollo de CI. Esto se podría deber a que
la acumulación de isoleucina y valina sirve como sustrato para la síntesis de
proteínas inducidas por el estrés y estos aminoácidos de cadena ramificada
pueden actuar como moléculas de señalización para regular la expresión génica.
En este trabajo se analizarán variedades comerciales de duraznos y
nectarines para caracterizar fenotípicamente su desarrollo en postcosecha, con
especial énfasis en su susceptibilidad a daño por frío (CI). Para esto se realizarán
análisis metabolómicos dirigidos especialmente a la determinación y a la
caracterización de los cambios en la composición de aminoácidos de mesocarpio
de frutos en variedades de duraznos y nectarines contrastantes en la
susceptibilidad a la harinosidad.
Chile is the fourth largest exporter of peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) worldwide. Refrigerated storage is the most widely used tool to preserve the fruit for a long time. However, some varieties of peaches and nectarines are highly susceptible to chilling injury (CI), this is a physiological disorder in which several processes are developed that negatively impact the quality of the fruit. Among these are described mealiness, browning, bleeding and leatheriness. It is known that exposure of peaches to cold produces changes in the expression of certain genes, such as abundance or decrease of proteins and metabolites that are associated with the phenotype of CI. Among the metabolomic changes described in peaches and nectarines, compounds associated with primary metabolism are mainly reported, particularly the change in the content of amino acids, isoleucine and valine, suggesting that the accumulation of these amino acids in the fruit after storage could be associated with the susceptibility of these fruits to the development of CI. This could be because the accumulation of isoleucine and valine serves as a substrate for stress induced protein synthesis, and these branched chain amino acids can act as signaling molecules to regulate gene expression. In this work, commercial varieties of peaches and nectarines will be analyzed to characterize their development in postharvest phenotypically, with special emphasis on their susceptibility to chilling injury (CI). For this purpose, metabolomic analyses will be carried out, especially directed to the determination and characterization of the changes in the composition of mesocarp amino acids of fruits in peach and nectarine varieties that contrast in the susceptibility to mealiness.
Chile is the fourth largest exporter of peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) worldwide. Refrigerated storage is the most widely used tool to preserve the fruit for a long time. However, some varieties of peaches and nectarines are highly susceptible to chilling injury (CI), this is a physiological disorder in which several processes are developed that negatively impact the quality of the fruit. Among these are described mealiness, browning, bleeding and leatheriness. It is known that exposure of peaches to cold produces changes in the expression of certain genes, such as abundance or decrease of proteins and metabolites that are associated with the phenotype of CI. Among the metabolomic changes described in peaches and nectarines, compounds associated with primary metabolism are mainly reported, particularly the change in the content of amino acids, isoleucine and valine, suggesting that the accumulation of these amino acids in the fruit after storage could be associated with the susceptibility of these fruits to the development of CI. This could be because the accumulation of isoleucine and valine serves as a substrate for stress induced protein synthesis, and these branched chain amino acids can act as signaling molecules to regulate gene expression. In this work, commercial varieties of peaches and nectarines will be analyzed to characterize their development in postharvest phenotypically, with special emphasis on their susceptibility to chilling injury (CI). For this purpose, metabolomic analyses will be carried out, especially directed to the determination and characterization of the changes in the composition of mesocarp amino acids of fruits in peach and nectarine varieties that contrast in the susceptibility to mealiness.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Duraznos, Análisis, Tecnología de Postcosecha, Aminoácidos