Efecto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de adultos mayores dependientes, comuna de Hualpén, 2015
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2015
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Antecedentes: La salud oral es un componente importante en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores ya que las enfermedades bucodentales constituyen factores de riesgo que agravan patologías prevalentes en este grupo de edad. Es importante existan estudios que se consideren el efecto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de adultos mayores, a nivel nacional existen pocos estudios que relacionen la salud oral y la calidad de vida en este grupo de edad, factor importante en la salud integral del adulto mayor. Justificación: Evaluar el efecto del estado de salud oral en la calidad de vida en adultos mayores dependientes es importante ya que permite establecer una línea base en la determinación del perfil de salud, aprovechando esta información desde vista de la salud publica ya que estas mediciones permitirán sugerir estrategias en planificación sanitaria, estrategias de prevención, autocuidado y rehabilitación de la salud del adulto mayor.
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del estado de salud oral sobre la calidad de vida en adultos mayores dependientes pertenecientes al Hogar de ancianos San José obrero, comuna de Hualpén, 2015. Material y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio de campo con abordaje cuantitativo y cuyo diseño fue observacional, transversal y analítico en pacientes adultos mayores dependientes leves y moderados pertenecientes al Hogar de ancianos San José obrero, de la comuna de Hualpén. La muestra no probabilística, intencionada y oportunista estuvo constituida por 41 pacientes seleccionados aleatoriamente, que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, que consintieron informadamente participar en el estudio, a los cuales se les aplico una encuesta de autopercepción de calidad de vida para la cual se utilizo el Índice de Salud Oral Geriátrico (GOHAI) y un examen clínico oral que evalúo el estado dentario a fin de obtener el Índice de dientes cariados, obturados y perdidos (COPD); se registro el grado de edentulismo, también se registro tipo y ubicación de lesiones de mucosa oral y el estado de salud gingival a través del índice gingival modificado (IGM). Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados con el sofware estadístico SPSS v22. Se evalúo normalidad de las variables y de acuerdo a la presencia o no de ésta se aplicaron test parametrico: análisis de regresión para evaluar asociación entre variables cuantitativas, análisis de test t de Student para evaluar diferencias de medias de dos grupos. Para caracterizar las relaciones encontradas se realizo test de correlación r de Pearson.
Resultados obtenidos: Se concluyo que si existe un efecto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores dependientes pertenecientes al Hogar José Obrero de la comuna de Hualpén. El efecto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida se asoció significativamente al índice COPD. Al relacionar estos índices se puede establecer un moderado grado de asociación entre ellos, lo que origina una proporción inversa. Se produce una correlación lineal negativa (-0,579) que conlleva a establecer que a mayor Índice COPD va a decrecer la autopercepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en estos pacientes. Se encontró un estado de salud bucal deteriorado, los datos clínicos fueron negativos y fueron el reflejo de que la calidad de vida oral percibida, obtenida mediante el uso del índice GOHAI, que indico que la mayoría de los adultos mayores tenían un nivel de calidad de vida oral de moderado a bajo.
Background: Oral health is an important factor in the quality of life of seniors component as oral diseases are risk factors that aggravate prevalent diseases in this age group. It is important there are studies that consider the effect of oral health on quality of life of seniors, nationally there are few studies linking oral health and quality of life in this age group, an important factor in overall health the elderly. Justification: To evaluate the effect of oral health on quality of life in elderly dependents is important as it allows to establish a basis in determining the health profile online, using this information from view of public health and that these measurements will suggest strategies in health planning, prevention strategies, self-care and rehabilitation of health of the elderly. Purpose: Determine the effect of oral health on quality of life in older adults dependent belonging to the nursing home San José obrero, town of Hualpén, 2015. Material and Methods: A field study was conducted with a quantitative approach and whose design was observational, transversal and analytical in elderly patients mild to moderate dependent belonging to the nursing home San Jose obrero, town of Hualpén. The non-probabilistic, intentional and opportunistic sample consisted of 41 randomly selected patients who met criteria for inclusion and exclusion, consenting an informed part in the study, which were given a survey of self-rated quality of life for which the Geriatric Oral Health Index (GOHAI) and an oral clinical examination evaluated the dental status in order to obtain the index of decayed, missing and sealed (COPD) was used; the degree of edentulism was recorded, type and location of lesions of oral mucosa and gingival health status through the modified gingival index (IGM) was also recorded. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS v22 statistical software. Regression analysis to assess association between quantitative variables, analysis Student's t test for differences of means of two groups: normal and variables according to the presence or not of this parametric test was evaluated were applied. To characterize the relationships found correlation test was performed Pearson r. Outcomes: It was concluded that if there is an effect of oral health on quality of life of seniors dependent belonging to the nursing home San José Obrero of the commune of Hualpén. The effect of oral health on quality of life was significantly associated with COPD index. By linking these indices can set a moderate degree of association between them, resulting in an inverse proportion. A negative linear correlation (-0.579) leading to establish that higher COPD Index will decrease the perception of quality of life related to oral health in these patients occurs. A state of oral health deteriorated found, clinical data were negative and were the reflection of oral perceived quality of life, obtained using the GOHAI index, which indicated that most of the elderly had a quality level life oral moderate to low.
Background: Oral health is an important factor in the quality of life of seniors component as oral diseases are risk factors that aggravate prevalent diseases in this age group. It is important there are studies that consider the effect of oral health on quality of life of seniors, nationally there are few studies linking oral health and quality of life in this age group, an important factor in overall health the elderly. Justification: To evaluate the effect of oral health on quality of life in elderly dependents is important as it allows to establish a basis in determining the health profile online, using this information from view of public health and that these measurements will suggest strategies in health planning, prevention strategies, self-care and rehabilitation of health of the elderly. Purpose: Determine the effect of oral health on quality of life in older adults dependent belonging to the nursing home San José obrero, town of Hualpén, 2015. Material and Methods: A field study was conducted with a quantitative approach and whose design was observational, transversal and analytical in elderly patients mild to moderate dependent belonging to the nursing home San Jose obrero, town of Hualpén. The non-probabilistic, intentional and opportunistic sample consisted of 41 randomly selected patients who met criteria for inclusion and exclusion, consenting an informed part in the study, which were given a survey of self-rated quality of life for which the Geriatric Oral Health Index (GOHAI) and an oral clinical examination evaluated the dental status in order to obtain the index of decayed, missing and sealed (COPD) was used; the degree of edentulism was recorded, type and location of lesions of oral mucosa and gingival health status through the modified gingival index (IGM) was also recorded. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS v22 statistical software. Regression analysis to assess association between quantitative variables, analysis Student's t test for differences of means of two groups: normal and variables according to the presence or not of this parametric test was evaluated were applied. To characterize the relationships found correlation test was performed Pearson r. Outcomes: It was concluded that if there is an effect of oral health on quality of life of seniors dependent belonging to the nursing home San José Obrero of the commune of Hualpén. The effect of oral health on quality of life was significantly associated with COPD index. By linking these indices can set a moderate degree of association between them, resulting in an inverse proportion. A negative linear correlation (-0.579) leading to establish that higher COPD Index will decrease the perception of quality of life related to oral health in these patients occurs. A state of oral health deteriorated found, clinical data were negative and were the reflection of oral perceived quality of life, obtained using the GOHAI index, which indicated that most of the elderly had a quality level life oral moderate to low.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Odontológicas)
Palabras clave
Salud Oral, Calidad de Vida, Adulto Mayor