Prevalencia y factores de riesgo relacionados con pérdidas prematuras de dientes temporales en escolares de 4 a 7 años, comuna de Talcahuano
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Fecha
2016
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
ANTECEDENTES
La pérdida prematura se define como la pérdida de un diente temporal antes de su tiempo de exfoliación natural, causada por diversos factores, los cuales están directamente relacionados con una posible pérdida de espacio y como consecuencia presencia de maloclusiones en la dentición permanente. En Chile las investigaciones sobre el tema son escasas, por lo cual es importante aporte realizar un estudio en esta área en nuestro país.
JUSTIFICACIÓN
Conocer la prevalencia de las pérdidas prematuras de dientes temporales y sus principales factores de riesgo se fundamenta en la necesidad de reforzar e implementar medidas de prevención, así como también realizar tratamientos oportunos con enfoque integral.
OBJETIVO
Determinar la prevalencia de pérdidas prematuras y sus principales factores de riesgo, en niños de 4 a 7 años de la comuna de Talcahuano, año 2016.
METODOLOGÍA
Estudio de campo con abordaje cuantitativo cuyo diseño es observacional, transversal, analítico en niños de 4 a 7 años de la comuna de Talcahuano. Se seleccionó una muestra de tipo probabilística, estratificada, con fijación proporcional correspondiente a un total de 135 niños que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que consintieron informadamente participar en el estudio. Se realizó un examen clínico, previa calibración del examinador (R=1), observando y registrando las piezas ausentes en boca en una ficha clínica, mediante una encuesta se obtuvo información sobre los factores de riesgo asociados y el tiempo de perdida. Los resultados fueron ingresados en el programa SPSS v23.0 para posteriormente realizar un análisis descriptivo, exploratorio e interferencial paramétricos y no paramétricos según a la naturaleza de las variables en estudio.
RESULTADOS
Se encontró una prevalencia de 18,5% de pérdidas prematuras, del cual un 72,5% fueron clasificadas como severas. La caries fue el factor de riesgo que se encontró con mayor frecuencia, seguido de exodoncias por falta de espacio y finalmente traumatismos. La pieza más afectada fue la 8.4, seguida de la 7.4. A medida que aumenta la edad aumentan los niños afectados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos.
CONCLUSIONES
Los resultados encontrados en esta investigación indican una alta prevalencia de pérdidas prematuras, lo cual se asocia principalmente a las caries dentales, siendo las piezas más afectadas los primeros molares temporales, sin distinción por algún sexo.
BACKGROUND The premature loss is defined as the loss of a temporary tooth before his time of natural exfoliation caused by diverse factors, which are directly related to a possible loss of space and as consequence he attends of maloclussion in the permanent dentition. In Chile, research on the subject is scarce, so it is important to carry out a study in this area in our country. JUSTIFICATION To know the prevalencia of the premature losses of temporary teeth and his principal factors of risk is based on the need to reinforce and implement measures of prevention, as well as also to realize opportune treatments with an integral approach. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of premature losses and major risk factors in children 4 to 7 years of Talcahuano, 2016. METHODOLOGY Field study with a quantitative approach whose design was observational, transversal, analytic in children 4 to 7 years of Talcahuano. A stratified, probabilistic type sample was selected with proportional fixation corresponding to a total of 135 children who met the inclusion criteria and who informed consent to participate in the study. A clinical examination was performed, after calibration of the examiner (R = 1), observing and recording the missing pieces in the mouth in a clinical file, a survey was obtained information on the associated risk factors and the time of loss. The results were entered into the SPSS v23.0 program to perform a descriptive, exploratory and interferential analysis parametric and nonparametric according to the nature of the variables under study. RESULTS A prevalence of 18.5% of premature losses was found, of which 72.5% were classified as severe. Caries was the most commonly encountered risk factor, followed by exodoncies due to lack of space and finally trauma. The most affected piece was 8.4, followed by 7.4. As the age increases, children are affected. No significant differences were found between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS The results found in this research indicate a high prevalence of premature loss, which is mainly associated with dental caries, the most affected being the first temporary molars, without distinction by any sex.
BACKGROUND The premature loss is defined as the loss of a temporary tooth before his time of natural exfoliation caused by diverse factors, which are directly related to a possible loss of space and as consequence he attends of maloclussion in the permanent dentition. In Chile, research on the subject is scarce, so it is important to carry out a study in this area in our country. JUSTIFICATION To know the prevalencia of the premature losses of temporary teeth and his principal factors of risk is based on the need to reinforce and implement measures of prevention, as well as also to realize opportune treatments with an integral approach. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of premature losses and major risk factors in children 4 to 7 years of Talcahuano, 2016. METHODOLOGY Field study with a quantitative approach whose design was observational, transversal, analytic in children 4 to 7 years of Talcahuano. A stratified, probabilistic type sample was selected with proportional fixation corresponding to a total of 135 children who met the inclusion criteria and who informed consent to participate in the study. A clinical examination was performed, after calibration of the examiner (R = 1), observing and recording the missing pieces in the mouth in a clinical file, a survey was obtained information on the associated risk factors and the time of loss. The results were entered into the SPSS v23.0 program to perform a descriptive, exploratory and interferential analysis parametric and nonparametric according to the nature of the variables under study. RESULTS A prevalence of 18.5% of premature losses was found, of which 72.5% were classified as severe. Caries was the most commonly encountered risk factor, followed by exodoncies due to lack of space and finally trauma. The most affected piece was 8.4, followed by 7.4. As the age increases, children are affected. No significant differences were found between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS The results found in this research indicate a high prevalence of premature loss, which is mainly associated with dental caries, the most affected being the first temporary molars, without distinction by any sex.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)
Palabras clave
Dientes, Cuidado e Higiene, Salud Bucal, Niños