Prevalencia de malos hábitos orales y su asociación con anomalías dentomaxilares en niños de 3 a 6 años. Comuna Dalcahue, Chiloé
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Fecha
2016
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los Malos hábitos orales pueden alterar el normal desarrollo del sistema estomatognático, siendo un factor de riesgo para las Anomalías Dentomaxilares. Los malos hábitos orales que constituyen agentes potenciales para el desarrollo de una anomalía dentomaxilar son la succión, la interposición, la deglución atípica y la respiración bucal. Investigaciones a nivel nacional son escasas. Justificación: Conocer la prevalencia de los malos hábitos orales y sus consecuencias son importantes desde el punto de vista preventivo, con la finalidad de desarrollar programas educativos a la población y mejorar la salud oral de los niños. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de malos hábitos orales y su asociación con anomalías dentomaxilares en niños de 3 a 6 años en la comuna de Dalcahue, Chiloé.
Material y Métodos: Estudio de campo con abordaje cuantitativo, casos y controles. Se seleccionó una muestra de tipo probabilística estratificada, constituida por 89 niños de 3 a 6 años de la comuna de Dalcahue, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y cuyos padres consintieron informadamente a participar en el estudio. Los datos obtenidos en la investigación fueron tabulados y analizados mediante el software SPSS 23.0. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para perfil de la muestra y se estudió la asociación mediante el análisis de odds ratio (OR), evaluando la significación estadística mediante el test de chi-cuadrado, con alfa 0,05.
Resultados: La prevalencia general de malos hábitos orales fue del 78,3%, el de mayor frecuencia fue la respiración bucal (48,3%), seguido de onicofagia (36%), interposición labial (30,3%), succión digital y succión de mamadera (24,7% cada una), interposición otro objeto (5,6%) y succión de chupete (3,3%). En cuanto a la asociación de malos hábitos orales y anomalías dentomaxilares, no observaron valores estadísticamente significativos. Aun cuando los valores de OR, indican mayor riesgo para la succión de chupete (2,57) y succión digital (2,42).
Conclusión: Se observó una alta prevalencia de malos hábitos orales en niños de 3 a 6 años, siendo el mal hábito más prevalente la respiración bucal. Aun cuando el análisis de OR mostró valores mayores para la succión de chupete y digital, no se establecieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas.
Background: The Bad oral habits can alter the normal development of the stomatognathic system, being able to produce dento-maxillary anomalies. Bad oral habits that are potential agents for the development of dento-maxillary anomalies are sucking, interposition, atypical swallowing and mouth breathing. Research at the national level are scarce Justification: Knowing the prevalence of poor oral habits and their consequences are important from the preventive point of view, with the purpose of developing educational programs for the population and improving the oral health of children. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of bad oral habits and their association with dento-maxillary anomalies in children 3 to 6 years in the town of Dalcahue, Chiloe. Material and Methods: Field study with a quantitative approach whose design is observational, of cases and controls. A stratified probabilistic type sample was selected, consisting of 89 children aged 3 to 6 years of age in Dalcahue, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and whose parents consented to participate in the study. The data obtained in the research were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. A descriptive analysis was performed for the sample profile and the association was studied by odds ratio (OR) analysis, evaluating the statistical significance using the chi-square test, with alpha 0.05. Outcomes: The overall prevalence of poor oral habits was 78.3%, with mouth breathing being more frequent (48.3%), followed by onychophagia (36%), lip interposition (30.3%), suctioning (24.7% each), interposition of another object (5.6%) and pacifier suction (3.3%). As for the association of poor oral habits and dentomaxillary abnormalities, no statistically significant values were observed. Although OR values indicate a higher risk for pacifier suction (2.57) and digital suction (2.42). Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor oral habits was observed in children aged 3 to 6 years, with oral habits being the most prevalent bad habit. Even though the OR analysis showed higher values for pacifier suction and digital suction, there were no statistically significant associations between them and dentomaxillary abnormalities.
Background: The Bad oral habits can alter the normal development of the stomatognathic system, being able to produce dento-maxillary anomalies. Bad oral habits that are potential agents for the development of dento-maxillary anomalies are sucking, interposition, atypical swallowing and mouth breathing. Research at the national level are scarce Justification: Knowing the prevalence of poor oral habits and their consequences are important from the preventive point of view, with the purpose of developing educational programs for the population and improving the oral health of children. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of bad oral habits and their association with dento-maxillary anomalies in children 3 to 6 years in the town of Dalcahue, Chiloe. Material and Methods: Field study with a quantitative approach whose design is observational, of cases and controls. A stratified probabilistic type sample was selected, consisting of 89 children aged 3 to 6 years of age in Dalcahue, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and whose parents consented to participate in the study. The data obtained in the research were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. A descriptive analysis was performed for the sample profile and the association was studied by odds ratio (OR) analysis, evaluating the statistical significance using the chi-square test, with alpha 0.05. Outcomes: The overall prevalence of poor oral habits was 78.3%, with mouth breathing being more frequent (48.3%), followed by onychophagia (36%), lip interposition (30.3%), suctioning (24.7% each), interposition of another object (5.6%) and pacifier suction (3.3%). As for the association of poor oral habits and dentomaxillary abnormalities, no statistically significant values were observed. Although OR values indicate a higher risk for pacifier suction (2.57) and digital suction (2.42). Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor oral habits was observed in children aged 3 to 6 years, with oral habits being the most prevalent bad habit. Even though the OR analysis showed higher values for pacifier suction and digital suction, there were no statistically significant associations between them and dentomaxillary abnormalities.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)
Palabras clave
Salud Bucal, Niños, Anomalías Dentarias, Mandíbula