Análisis de la modulación de la respuesta inmune innata y respuesta a estrés por la presencia de los antibióticos florfenicol y oxitetraciclina en el medio en pez cebra
Cargando...
Fecha
2013
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El uso exces1vo de antibióticos en la acuicultura afecta no solo al medio
ambiente, sino también a los peces que son tratados con ellos. Existe evidencia de que
algunos antibióticos modulan la respuesta inmune, pudiendo de esta forma tener
efectos adversos en los peces. La oxitetraciclina y el florfenicol son los antibióticos de
mayor uso en la acuicultura en Chile. Por su parte, Chile es a su vez es el segundo
productor a nivel mundial de salmónidos, y es el que mayor cantidad de estos
compuestos utiliza a nivel mundial en acuicultura.
Usando al pez cebra como modelo, se desarrolló un análisis cualitativo y
cuantitativo de los efectos que genera la exposición a estos dos antibióticos, por
separado y en mezcla, disueltos en el medio.
Nuestros resultados mostraron que la exposición a el antibiótico oxitetraciclina
genera un intenso proceso inflamatorio, que se manifiesta en una importante migración
de neutrófilos desde el tejido caudal hematopoyético a tejidos periféricos, y que
progresa a medida que la exposición a la droga continúa. Dicho proceso no habría sido
gatillado por la muerte celular detectada en los peces tratados con oxitetraciclina. La
inflamación también fue confirmada mediante un análisis molecular por qPCR. Los
marcadores de inflamación il-1 f3 y mpx , así como el marcador de estrés oxidativo
cyp1 a, se encontraron elevados en aquellas larvas expuesta a oxitetraciclina. Por
último, la inflamación provocada por la exposición a dicho antibiótico aumentó la
sobrevivencia de larvas en un desafío con bacterias que comúnmente infectan a peces,
sugiriendo que la oxitetraciclina podría estar actuando como inmunoestimulante.
Además, la inflamación provocada por este antibiótico aumenta la capacidad
regenerativa de las células ciliadas de la línea lateral posterior. Por su parte, florfenicol
no generó ninguna respuesta inflamatoria. Así mismo, ninguno de los antibióticos fue
capaz de generar una respuesta de estrés en las larvas.
Estos resultados entregan valiosa información sobre los efectos que ambos
antibióticos, disueltos en el agua, pueden generar en los peces. En Chile este tipo de
conocimiento es de gran valor debido al importante desarrollo de la industria acuícola y
el gran uso de antibióticos que ésta hace.
Overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture affects not only the environment but also the fish that are treated with them . There is evidence that sorne antibiotics modulate the immune response and may thus have adverse effects on fish . Oxytetracycline and florfenicol are the most widely used antibiotics in aquaculture in Chile. Furthermore, Chile is the second largest salmon producer in the world , and has the highest amount of these compounds used in aquaculture worldwide. Using the zebrafish as a model, we developed qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the effects generated by exposure to these two antibiotics, singly and in mixture, dissolved in the medium. Our results showed that exposure to the antibiotic oxytetracycline generates an intense inflammatory process, which manifests itself as a significant migration of neutrophils from the caudal hematopoietic tissue to peripheral tissues, and which progresses as drug exposure continues. Such a process would not have been triggered by the cell death detected in fish treated with oxytetracycline. lnflammation was also confirmed using qPCR. The inflammation markers, mpx and i/-1{3, as well as oxidative stress marker cyp1a, were elevated in those larvae exposed to oxytetracycline. Finally, the inflammation caused by exposure to this antibiotic increased the survival rate of larvae in a challenge with bacteria that commonly infect fish , suggesting that oxytetracycline may be acting as an immunostimulant. Moreover, inflammation caused by this antibiotic increases the regenerative capacity of hair cells of the posterior lateral line. On the other hand, florfenicol does not generate any inflammatory response. Also none of the antibiotics tested was able to generate a stress response in the larvae. These results provide valuable information about the effects that both antibiotics, dissolved in water, can generate on fish . In Chile this kind of knowledge is of great vatue because of the significant development of the aquaculture industry and the heavy use of antibiotics in it.
Overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture affects not only the environment but also the fish that are treated with them . There is evidence that sorne antibiotics modulate the immune response and may thus have adverse effects on fish . Oxytetracycline and florfenicol are the most widely used antibiotics in aquaculture in Chile. Furthermore, Chile is the second largest salmon producer in the world , and has the highest amount of these compounds used in aquaculture worldwide. Using the zebrafish as a model, we developed qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the effects generated by exposure to these two antibiotics, singly and in mixture, dissolved in the medium. Our results showed that exposure to the antibiotic oxytetracycline generates an intense inflammatory process, which manifests itself as a significant migration of neutrophils from the caudal hematopoietic tissue to peripheral tissues, and which progresses as drug exposure continues. Such a process would not have been triggered by the cell death detected in fish treated with oxytetracycline. lnflammation was also confirmed using qPCR. The inflammation markers, mpx and i/-1{3, as well as oxidative stress marker cyp1a, were elevated in those larvae exposed to oxytetracycline. Finally, the inflammation caused by exposure to this antibiotic increased the survival rate of larvae in a challenge with bacteria that commonly infect fish , suggesting that oxytetracycline may be acting as an immunostimulant. Moreover, inflammation caused by this antibiotic increases the regenerative capacity of hair cells of the posterior lateral line. On the other hand, florfenicol does not generate any inflammatory response. Also none of the antibiotics tested was able to generate a stress response in the larvae. These results provide valuable information about the effects that both antibiotics, dissolved in water, can generate on fish . In Chile this kind of knowledge is of great vatue because of the significant development of the aquaculture industry and the heavy use of antibiotics in it.
Notas
Tesis (Magister en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Pez Cebra, Evaluación de Medicamentos, Industria Acuícola, Chile