Programa de estimulación cognitivo-lingüístico para el adulto mayor sano en centros de larga estadía de la Región Metropolitana
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2016
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
El Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) aseguró que Chile tendrá en 2020 la esperanza de vida más alta del mundo, de 77,4 años para los hombres y 82,2 para las mujeres, por lo que el organismo exige mayores políticas públicas para asegurar una vejez digna. Según el informe "Enfoque demográfico de género", se prevé, además, que en cinco años más en Chile el 17,3 % del total de la población será adulto mayor, es decir, 3,3 millones de personas.
Una de las dificultades que enfrenta la población de adultos mayores es la pérdida de aspectos cognitivos como atención, concentración, memoria y lenguaje. Por esto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo, evidenciar qué tan importante es la estimulación cognitivo-lingüística para mantener las funciones cerebrales superiores en el adulto mayor sano, comprobar los cambios que se producen en dicho grupo al ser intervenidos mediante el “Programa de estimulación Cognitiva para el adulto”.
La hipótesis que se plantea en el estudio es evidenciar que la estimulación de estas funciones puede producir cambios favorables en el desempeño lingüístico de estos adultos, más específicamente lograr una mantención y mejora de estas habilidades superiores. Con esto se optimiza una mejor calidad de vida incentivando un envejecimiento activo. El trabajo es un estudio comparativo de un grupo de adultos mayores sanos de un centro de larga estadía de la Región Metropolitana, que se encuentran en el rango de edad, de 70 y 84 años. A los adultos de este grupo se les aplicará un programa de estimulación cognitiva.
Para medir el desempeño cognitivo-lingüístico a los adultos mayores se les realizó una evaluación y posterior reevaluación de las funciones cerebrales superiores a través de un protocolo desarrollado y estandarizado llamado "Evaluación Cognitiva-Lingüística”, González y Leguer (1993), el cual ha sido modificado para los intereses de este estudio.
Tras los resultados obtenidos pre y post intervención, se concluye que no se aprecian diferencias significativas en las subpruebas.Sin embargo, producto de este estudio, se puede determinar que con la estimulación en el adulto mayor sano, se puede lograr una mantención y avance de las funciones cognitivas.
The National Institute of Statistics (INE) says that in 2020 Chile will have the highest life expectancy in the world, 77.4 years for men and 82.2 for women, so the organism requires more public policies to ensure a dignified old age. According to the "gender demographic Focus" report, it is also expected to five years in Chile 17.3% of the population will be elderly, i.e 3.3 million people. According to INE projections, by 2015 there would be 1.2 million older men and 1.5 million women aged 60 or older, increasing in 2020 to 1.5 million men and 1.8 million women in a which currently has 17.8 million inhabitants. This study aims, demonstrate how important cognitive-linguistic stimulation to maintain higher brain functions in healthy older adults, verify the changes that occur in this group to be operated by the "cognitive stimulation program for adult". The hypothesis that arises in the study is evidence that stimulation of these functions can produce favorable changes in the linguistic performance of these adults, more specifically achieve maintenance and improvement of these higher skills. This is optimized with a better quality of life, fostering active aging. The work is a comparative study of a group of healthy older adults a long stay center of the Metropolitan Region, who are in the age range of 70 to 84 years. The adults of this group will apply a program of cognitive stimulation. To measure the cognitive-language performance seniors underwent evaluation and reassessment of the above through a developed and standardized protocol called "Cognitive-Linguistic Assessment" Gonzalez and Leguer (1993), which has brain functions It has been modified in the interests of this study. After the results pre and post intervention, it is concluded that no significant differences were seen in the subtests. Finally, the result of this study, it can be concluded that the stimulation in healthy older adults, can achieve maintenance and advancement of the cognitive functions.
The National Institute of Statistics (INE) says that in 2020 Chile will have the highest life expectancy in the world, 77.4 years for men and 82.2 for women, so the organism requires more public policies to ensure a dignified old age. According to the "gender demographic Focus" report, it is also expected to five years in Chile 17.3% of the population will be elderly, i.e 3.3 million people. According to INE projections, by 2015 there would be 1.2 million older men and 1.5 million women aged 60 or older, increasing in 2020 to 1.5 million men and 1.8 million women in a which currently has 17.8 million inhabitants. This study aims, demonstrate how important cognitive-linguistic stimulation to maintain higher brain functions in healthy older adults, verify the changes that occur in this group to be operated by the "cognitive stimulation program for adult". The hypothesis that arises in the study is evidence that stimulation of these functions can produce favorable changes in the linguistic performance of these adults, more specifically achieve maintenance and improvement of these higher skills. This is optimized with a better quality of life, fostering active aging. The work is a comparative study of a group of healthy older adults a long stay center of the Metropolitan Region, who are in the age range of 70 to 84 years. The adults of this group will apply a program of cognitive stimulation. To measure the cognitive-language performance seniors underwent evaluation and reassessment of the above through a developed and standardized protocol called "Cognitive-Linguistic Assessment" Gonzalez and Leguer (1993), which has brain functions It has been modified in the interests of this study. After the results pre and post intervention, it is concluded that no significant differences were seen in the subtests. Finally, the result of this study, it can be concluded that the stimulation in healthy older adults, can achieve maintenance and advancement of the cognitive functions.
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Tesis (Fonoaudiólogo)
Palabras clave
Cognición en la Vejez, Estimulación Sensorial