Perfil de integración sensorial en niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años que presentan alteración en la atención y que estudian en escuelas municipalizadas de las comunas Calle Larga y Santa María, V Región - Cordillera
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Archivos
Fecha
2013
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Hasta ahora, no se ha definido la forma que tienen los niños/as con diagnóstico de
Síndrome de Déficit Atencional de cómo integran sensorialmente, habitualmente no se
considera el estilo de procesamiento sensorial que presenta el niño/a, ni si existe
alteración en dicha integración sensorial que influya, para realizar este diagnóstico; de
ahí que el motivo de este estudio es conocer cuál es el perfil de Integración Sensorial de
niños/as que presentan trastornos en la atención.
También tiene como objetivo analizar si existen diferencias entre los niños/as que
presentan distintas modalidades de alteración de la atención según predominio
"impulsivo" o "desatento" y finalmente, visualizar si hay diferencias según género.
Se muestra de manera breve las dos grandes teorías que avalan esta investigación
estas son la teoría de atención del autor Posner y de Integración Sensorial según Ayres.
La investigación se realizó en dos comunas de la V Región Cordillera, con niños/as
que presentaban diagnóstico de SDA con y sin hiperactividad, y que pertenecen al
Programa de Integración Municipales. La muestra fue escogida del total de las escuelas
municipales, siendo un total de 40 niños/as de ambos sexos entre 8 y 12 años de edad.
De acuerdo a la prueba de proporciones se estableció que existen diferencias
estadísticamente significativas entre los niños y niñas que presentan procesamiento
sensorial alterado y normales (p-valor<0.05) se concluye entonces que los niños y niñas
que presentan alteración en la atención en gran porcentaje, presentan alteración en el
Perfil de Integración Sensorial.
Al relacionar las variables Perfil de Integración Sensorial y Trastorno de la atención
en relación a las modalidades Impulsivo y Desatento de acuerdo a la prueba de chicuadrado
se observó que no existe relación entre estas variables, al nivel de significación
del 5%. (p-valor > 0,05). También los resultados informaron que no existe diferencia en la integración
sensorial según modalidad (desatento o impulsivo) de alteración en la atención.
Se demostró a través de la prueba exacta de FISCHER que las variables Perfil de
Integración Sensorial y sexo muestran una relación estadísticamente significativa (pvalor
< 0,05) que por lo tanto, si existe diferencia de género en cuanto al perfil de
Integración sensorial alterado, siendo la variable femenina la de mayor prevalencia de
disfunción sensorial.
También se analizaron las variables perfil sensorial y edad y modalidad de Trastorno
de la atención y edad dando los siguientes resultados:
No hay diferencias significativas para la prueba de chi-cuadrado entre las variables
Perfil de Integración Sensorial y edades (agrupados en 1: edades 8 y 9 años y 2: 10 a 12
años) con p-valor > 0,05.
No hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la prueba de chi-cuadrado
entre edad (agrupados en 1: edades 8 y 9 años y 2: 10 a 12 años) y modalidad de
trastorno de la atención con p-valor > 0,05.
Se observó que la mayoría de los niños y niñas que presentaban disfunción sensorial
presentaban especialmente tres sistemas alterados, el sistema propioceptivo, el sistema
vestibular y el sistema táctil.
Por lo anterior, se pudo concluir que los niños/as que presentan trastorno de la
atención pudiesen también presentar disfunción en el perfil sensorial lo que invita a
evaluar este perfil con la finalidad de diseñar un tratamiento que involucre la activación
de los sistemas alterados especialmente el propioceptivo, vestibular y táctil.
So far, you have not defined how having children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder how to integrate sensory, usually not considered sensory processing style that has the child, or if any alteration in such integration sensory influencing, for this diagnosis; hence the reason for this study is to know what is the profile of children Sensory Integration having attention disorders. It also aims to analyze differences between children having various forms of disturbance in attention as "impulsive" or predominantly "inattentive" and finally visualize any differences by gender. It briefly shows the two major theories supporting this research these are the author's theory and Posner attention as Ayres Sensory Integration. The research was conducted in two districts ofthe Cordillera Region V, with children who had a diagnosis of SDA with and without hyperactivity, and belong to the Municipal Integration Program. The sample was chosen of all the city's schools, with a total of 40 children 1 as and girls between 8 and 12 years old. According to the test of proportions was established that there were significant differences between children having normal and altered sensory processing (p-value < 0.05) is then concluded that children with impaired attention in a large percentage exhibit alterations in Sensory Integration Profile. By relating the variables Listing Sensory Integration Disorder and attention in relation to Impulsive and Inattentive modalities according to the chi - square was observed that there is no relationship between these variables, the level of significance of 5 %. (p- value > 0.05). Also the results reported no difference in sensory integration according to type (inattentive or impulsive) ofimpaired attention. Was demonstrated through the exact test variables FISCHER Sensory Integration Profile and sex show a statistically significant relationship (p -value < 0.05) therefore, if there is gender difference in terms of sensory integration profile altered , with the female variable most prevalent sensory dysfunction. Sensory profile variables and age and mode of attention disorder and age giving the following results were also analyzed: No significant differences for the chi -squared variables between Sensory Integration Pro file and ages (grouped into 1 : ages 8 and 9 years and 2: 1 0-12 years) with p- value > 0.05. No statistically significant differences for the chi- square between age (grouped in 1: ages 8 and 9 years and 2: 10-12 years) and type of disorder of attention with p- value > 0.05. It was noted that most of the children who had sensory dysfunction especially altered showing three systems, the proprioceptive system, the vestibular system and the touch system. Therefore, it was concluded that children having attention disorder also might present dysfunction in the sensory profile which invites rate this profile in order to design a treatment that involves the activation of altered systems especially proprioceptive, vestibular and tactile.
So far, you have not defined how having children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder how to integrate sensory, usually not considered sensory processing style that has the child, or if any alteration in such integration sensory influencing, for this diagnosis; hence the reason for this study is to know what is the profile of children Sensory Integration having attention disorders. It also aims to analyze differences between children having various forms of disturbance in attention as "impulsive" or predominantly "inattentive" and finally visualize any differences by gender. It briefly shows the two major theories supporting this research these are the author's theory and Posner attention as Ayres Sensory Integration. The research was conducted in two districts ofthe Cordillera Region V, with children who had a diagnosis of SDA with and without hyperactivity, and belong to the Municipal Integration Program. The sample was chosen of all the city's schools, with a total of 40 children 1 as and girls between 8 and 12 years old. According to the test of proportions was established that there were significant differences between children having normal and altered sensory processing (p-value < 0.05) is then concluded that children with impaired attention in a large percentage exhibit alterations in Sensory Integration Profile. By relating the variables Listing Sensory Integration Disorder and attention in relation to Impulsive and Inattentive modalities according to the chi - square was observed that there is no relationship between these variables, the level of significance of 5 %. (p- value > 0.05). Also the results reported no difference in sensory integration according to type (inattentive or impulsive) ofimpaired attention. Was demonstrated through the exact test variables FISCHER Sensory Integration Profile and sex show a statistically significant relationship (p -value < 0.05) therefore, if there is gender difference in terms of sensory integration profile altered , with the female variable most prevalent sensory dysfunction. Sensory profile variables and age and mode of attention disorder and age giving the following results were also analyzed: No significant differences for the chi -squared variables between Sensory Integration Pro file and ages (grouped into 1 : ages 8 and 9 years and 2: 1 0-12 years) with p- value > 0.05. No statistically significant differences for the chi- square between age (grouped in 1: ages 8 and 9 years and 2: 10-12 years) and type of disorder of attention with p- value > 0.05. It was noted that most of the children who had sensory dysfunction especially altered showing three systems, the proprioceptive system, the vestibular system and the touch system. Therefore, it was concluded that children having attention disorder also might present dysfunction in the sensory profile which invites rate this profile in order to design a treatment that involves the activation of altered systems especially proprioceptive, vestibular and tactile.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Neurorehabilitación)
Palabras clave
Escuelas, Déficit Atencional, Integración sensorial, Chile, Niños, Región de Valparaíso, Comuna de Calle Larga, Comuna de Santa María